John Q/ Antigone Essay

According to Martin Luther King Jr â€Å" The ultimate measure of a man is not where he stands in moments of comfort and convenience, but where he stands at times of challenge and controversy. In other words, that you could only judge a person if he/she is good or not at something when they’re in a hard time or non-easy. The first work of literature that relates to the quote is Antigone written by Sophocles. One literary device that is present in this work which will help to support my interpretation of the quote is characterization. Antigone’s character in this story is very brave and determined. The reason why I think she is brave is because Creon established a rule or law to not bury Polynices, the brother of Antigone. Antigone does not like the law at all because it’s her brother and she wants him to have a proper burial like every dead person does. The law has one twist to it and it is that if someone buries the body and they find who buried it will face death. One reason why I think Antigone is very determined is because never in the story she turned back or changed her mind about burying Polynices. Also, she cares a lot because she asked Ismene her sister to help her out with the burial of Polynices but Ismene is too obedient and soft and replied no. That’s why I think Ant igone is a very brave and determined character in this story. The second work that relates to the quote is John Q starring Denzel Washington. One device that is present in this work which will help to support my interpretation of the quote is conflict. In the work of John Q takes place a poor African American family that lives in Chicago. John Q the main character has a son named Michael Archibald that is interest in body building. Then, one day he had some sort of an attack, turns out he has a weak heart and is need of a transplant. John Q’s wife Denise Archibald is very desperate to see her son out of the hospital and not sick, so she said to John Q â€Å"to do something about it â€Å". So one day John Q meets up with one of his friends and holds hostage a hospital. The reason why he did that is because Rebecca Payne can’t put his son on the transplant list because their insurance company does not cover it. Finally, Michael gets a new heart from a woman that had a car accident in the beginning of this work but John Q has to serve some time in prison because he was accused of kidnap. The ultimate measure of a man is not where he stands in moments of comfort and convenience, but where he stands at times of challenge and controversy by Martin Luther King Jr. Antigone relates this quote because she was facing a real hard time with the law of not burying Polynices and she got through it but ended up committing suicide. John Q also relates to this quote because he holds hostage a hospital and he wasn’t a murderer or anything of that, he wasn’t planning on hurting anyone but himself, but he was strong and brave enough to do all of that for his Michael.

Richard Gregory Rust hadn’t always been ‘Mr. Old School’

No. Hard as it is to comprehend in today's World of airborn luchadores and chair-wielding bump-machines, Richard's nonchalant style of wrestling was once the universal norm. He didn't need to refer to himself as â€Å"Old School†, because, at the time, what he was doing wasn't old at all. It was, in fact, state-of-the-art. Fresh. Dare I say – he was considered â€Å"New-School†. He sighed. Boy, how things had changed. His two oak-toned eyes glared at the images beaming out of the TV screen. They had seen a lot in their fifty years on this Earth, yet what they currently observed before them was a struggle to comprehend: A young-looking, frail-framed male – clad in an extravagant mask and a UCW T-shit – dove gallantly over an official UCW ring's top rope, landing onto another similar looking lad, who – quite obviously – waited to catch him on the outside. They called it a plancha. He called it bullshit. It made no sense to him, at all. ‘Why had the art of professional wrestling become nothing more than a glorified circus show?' he asked himself – no doubt, not feeling too dissimilar to the great Stu Hart when he exclaimed â€Å"that's a great way to break your neck†, after watching a clip of his grand-nephew, Teddy Hart, perform a triple-jump four-fifty moonsault†¦ Or something along those lines. Ricky Rust, however, was hardly quick-witted or half as nifty with words as Stu Hart was – and, so, simply settled on exclaiming: â€Å"Fucking hell, that's stupid†. â€Å"Heh† – It was somewhere in between a giggle and a laugh. Simon restricted himself from all-out cackling, as he didn't wish to seem as though he was in agreement. â€Å"Now, now, Ricky. Don't be like that. I know it all looks very different to what you're used to, but it'll grow on you. Trust me.† He assured; but his heart wasn't really into it. Deep down, he knew that what he was saying wasn't entirely true. Simon Isosceles was merely a sports agent. And not a professional wrestling-specific one, either. Ricky Rust was simply one of the many clients contained within his black book. In actually fact – Simon never really understood what the appeal to wrestling was; but – being dedicated to job, and loyal individual – he put his all into catering for Rust's need. Never-the-less, he was merely a sports agent – yet, even he could sense that UCW wasn't really the right place for â€Å"Mr. Old School†, Ricky Rust. But he had a way of being forever optimistic. â€Å"That's just the lighter guys' division. There's more on the tape, y'know.† He chirped; piping up again, and trying to drag Ricky into a similar mind-frame. â€Å"There'll be som'in' you like. Dave said there's some technical stuff at the end.† Ricky wasn't buying it. Plonking himself on the cream, leather sofa beside the twenty-seven year veteran; Simon snatched the remote controller and jammed down on the fast forward button. The duet sat in silence for a moment, as the images on the screen whizzed forward at a faster pace than they already had been. â€Å"Here it is† Simon began again; releasing the forwards button, and letting the UCW promotion tape return to it's usual pace. Ricky watched as a round grappler – boasting a pair of shorts and matching kickpads – snatched his opponent's thin arms into a Full Nelson. Then, proceeded to pop his hips forward, arch his back and heave his foe backwards†¦ sending him over his own head†¦ and †¦ landing right on his neck. â€Å"Ooh† Ricky couldn't help but release an audible gasp. He promptly filled the now empty space in his lungs with silvery nicotine smoke. As the sound of the tape's commentators nattering away about â€Å"Dragon Suplexes† and â€Å"Stiff American Strong-Style† buzzed irritating on his eardrum, Ricky casually exhaled; before dryly stating: â€Å"So that's what passes for technical wrestling these days†. He put the cigarette to his lips once more. â€Å"Oh, come on Rick. Show some enthusiasm. This is probably an old tape, anyway. UCW's probably different, now. Probably more†¦y'know†¦ your style† Was Simon's last ditch attempt at getting Ricky interested. And â€Å"†¦Probably† was Ricky's flat reply. The conversation was over. No more was, or could, be said to attempt to change the aged wrestler's mind. That's just the way Ricky Rust was – Ridged. Deeply set in his ways. But he was going into UCW. Underground Championship Wrestling. A place that claims to be â€Å"A break from Tradition†. And as Simon settled into the sofa to watch the rest of the tape; he couldn't help but wonder if a man like Ricky could ever bring himself to adapt. ‘He better', Simon thought. Because if he couldn't†¦He wouldn't even stand a chance.

Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 14

Management - Essay Example epartment should analyse and integrate the current processes and also the processes like recruitment, retention, employee development, leadership development, performance management systems, workforce planning, business culture etc. Recruitment is the process of placing right people at the right place at the right time whereas retention is the process of retaining the employees with the help of rewards and supporting systems. Employee development means the process of giving proper training to the employees whereas leadership development is the program for developing leadership skills among employees. Performance management systems collect the feedbacks about the employee performances and take appropriate strategies to sustain or improve it. Workforce planning is the effective utilization of the existing manpower and business culture is presenting a positive way of performing. Performance management systems are important both for the employer and the employee. If the employee feels that his performances were taken seriously by the organization, then he will improve his productivity and subsequently the organization will also benefit from that. A well defined performance management system may have elements of employee development, salary review, personal performance and business performance. Organizations can save a substantial amount of money retaining the employees and improving the performances of the employees. Talent management plan can also attract employees from outside also and more over it can help the organization in identifying the type of employees needed, areas needed to be improved and fine tuning of the business philosophies based on the changing trends. Thus both Performance Management System and Talent Management plan can work hand in hand to improve the overall productivity of an organization. The above article has strengthened my understanding about the necessity of performance management and talent management systems in organization. Even

How successful have Chinese social policy reforms been since 1978 Essay

How successful have Chinese social policy reforms been since 1978 - Essay Example There are two groups of scholars who hold conflicting opinions on the success or failure of China’s social policy reform since 1978; the first is the group of western scholars who are familiar with their own countries social welfare policy and therefore dissatisfied with China’s contribution to the welfare policy. Then there are scholars mainly from mainland china who are of the opinion that the country has contributed significantly in improving the social welfare progress, they consider that the administrations have succeeded in the social policy reforms (Jones 2003, p.41). This paper explores the china’s social policy reforms, the paper further analyses the success if any of the social reforms with respect to prevailing circumstances. Economic reform and social policies In the later years, most mainland Chinese scholars have concluded that china’s welfare provision increased considerably, they cite several examples that show this point of view. First, th e per capita area of housing in urban areas, the floor area per capita in urbanized areas stood at 28.3 square meters in the year 2011 rising from 6.7 square meters in 1978 (Man, 2011). In the same breadth, the average housing per head in the same period rose from 6.7square meters to a high of 29.7 square meters. Home and car ownership have increased over the years, a 2011 survey on homeownership revealed that up to 93 percents of the respondents were homeowners and 97 per cent home ownership in the rural areas( Zhao and Guoli 2009, p.192). Secondly, the human development issues have vastly improved over the years, such reducing illiteracy levels, rise in life expectancy, drop in infant mortality rates, and soaring Human Development Index. The average number of years that youths attend school between the ages of 15 to 24 has increased, rising from a low of 5.8 in the year 1985 and a high of 7.57 in the year 2000. The rate of life expectancy has interestingly improved in the last twe nty eight years, reaching 73.27 in the year 2010 from 66.50 in 1978, consequently, infant mortality rates have steeply declined over the same period of time, and in 1978 the number of deaths was 48 falling to a low of 13 in 2010 ( Jeffries 2011, p.30). Finally, China’s Human Development Index Ranking was 0.699 in the year 2012 having leaped by a whole 0.010 from the previous year and showing a trend of always rising over the years, in the year 2012 main land China was ranked at number 101(National Bureau of Statistics, 2012). The most important factor that fuelled and propelled Chin’s economy into such greater heights is urbanization and rapid industrialization. Over the last two and a half decade, china has shifted from a rural agrarian economy to an industrializing urban economy. The move also implied a move from the state control and command economy to an open market based economy, this movement led to high number of farmers abandoning their farms and heading to urb an areas to perform odd labour jobs. Just before the reform process began in 1978, about 80.9 percent of China’s population lived in the rural areas, and by 2010 only about 50.5 per cent of the population lived in the rural area (OECD 2012, p.150). The number of people who lived in the urban areas by 2010 had surpassed those living in the rural areas, of the 1.333 billion people in China; those who were living in the urban

Social identity theory of intergroup conflict Essay

Social identity theory of intergroup conflict - Essay Example Based on the findings in accordance to the mentioned aspects, further explanation has been provided in respect of the behavioural implications of Social Identity Theory. Definition of Identity As explained in the Identity Theory in Walumbwa & et. al. (2011), the term ‘Identity’ is quite challenging to be defined with the use of a momentary and acceptable statement that can succinctly hold the range of its meaning. Conceptually, ‘identity’, as a term, refers to the social categories and sources of an individual’s self-respect or dignity at the same time, which often becomes a major driver of intergroup disputes. To put it in simple words, identity is the combination of what features a person or a thing beholds, i.e. the uniformity of a person or a thing at all the time. According to the study of Gao & Riley (2010), the identity features in a person commonly involves certain attributes that may be termed as â€Å"internal stickiness†, which at a broader context can be examined to hinder psychological knowledge ownership of a person and raise issues in terms of ‘possessiveness’. ... characteristic attributes or social behaviour or (b) may refer to socially distinctive features those are identifiable when a person deciphers a degree of pride in his/her attitude in a manner that is somewhat unchangeable but socially consequential, or (a) and (b) at once. The social identity theory expands the meaning of ‘Identity’ to a broader realm, which is completely different from the captured definition of the term in dictionary (Walumbwa & et. al., 2011). Notably, these two major attributes (a) and (b) differ from one group to another, reflecting through the individual role performances and hence, are likely to become a major reason of intergroup conflict (Walumbwa & et. al., 2011). Correspondingly, it can be argued that studying identity shall contribute towards the mitigation of intergroup conflicts and therefore contribute to a healthier relationship amid the group members. Significance of studying Identity in understanding intergroup conflicts The social ide ntity theory differentiates personal identity and social identity explaining that personal identity is an explanation and estimation of oneself in terms of idiosyncratic personal attributes or one’s specific relationship with other people. On the contrary, social identity is a description and valuation of oneself in relation to shared attributes that expresses the specific group’s membership one belongs to (Schwartz, 2011). As explained by Kraus (2011), social identity works as a member of group, and not as an individual. In self-identity, therefore, there is no outside influence to control an individual’s perspective one way or the other, whereas in social identity, a person’s self-identity is combined with the group’s identity, to which one belongs and becomes more aware of what they

Bill of Material Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3250 words

Bill of Material - Essay Example The prime activities of procurement department include hiring of the best services along with the material in accordance with the requirements of the organization. The decisions so made must be equally balanced between a quality product and service consideration and the budget limits and its implications on the rest of the project and organization. The kind of expertise and services availed by procurement department are subjective in nature and vary between industries and types of organizations. Bill of Material (B.O.M): The bill of material involves all the costs incurred in acquiring the services and equipment .Making use of the bill of material by the procurement department involves direct hiring and purchasing from the market. This discipline needs the presence of able personnel who can make the right choices without compromising on neither the quality nor the budget. In this case the procurement department services are needed for establishment of a manufacturing industry that la rgely relies on I.T infrastructure for conducting its daily activities and communications. Therefore the demand list consists of the electronic products that are mainly the daily use products and equipment in the industry. The total number of employees in the organization are 200 which includes the top management, the middle management and the work force group. Since focus is on establishing an automated and computerized environment, large percentage of employees will be provided with a computer facility. The margin for this purpose is estimated at 150 items of personal computers. The computers so provided will be state of the art equipped and will meet the employees’ requirements in fulfilling the tasks. The general specifications of a single desktop computer that are being purchased are as follows: Processor name: i7-2600 Price= $274.99 Number of cores: 4 Number of threads: 8 Clock Speed: 3.4 GHz Instruction Set: 64 bit Board Specs: Chip set: GIGABYTE GA-H61M-DS2 LGA 1155 I ntel H61 Micro ATX Intel Motherboard Form Factor: Intel H61= $54.99Â   Memory: 4GB Type: DDR3 = Samsung MV-3T4G4Â  = $29.00 Tested Speed: 1333 MHz Hard Disk: Capacity: 500 GB Seagate Barracuda 7200Â  = $78.38 Interface: SATA 6GB/s Spin Speed: 7200 RPM LAN Card: Intel PWLA8391GT PRO/1000 GT PCI Network Adapter = $33.25 Integrated LAN: Gigabit Optical Drive: NEW HP 24X DVDRW SATAÂ  =$50.89 Audio: Audio Code: Real Tec GO groove Bass PULSE 2MX High-Fidelity USB Powered 2.0 = $25.19 Video: EVGA 02G-P3-1469-KR GeForce GTX 560 Graphics Card - 850 MHz Core - 2 GB GDDR5 SDRAM - PCI Express 2.0 x16 = $267.78 Chassis: Case type: ATX GAMMA Classic Series ATX Mid Tower Interior Steel Chassis = $39.99 Motherboard Type: ATX/Micro Expansion Slots: 7 Power Supply: Cooler Master GX Series 650W ATX 12V V2.31 80 PLUS SLI Ready Power Supply RS650-ACAAE3-US = $79.99Â   Output Capacity: 450 Watts Fan: 120 MM Model: GX-450w Pre Installed Softwares: Microsoft Windows 7 (Professional) (registered) = $24 9.99 Anti Virus Software: Norton Anti Virus 2012(registered)= $33.20 Adobe Flash player: version 11 Microsoft Office 2010 (registered) = $219.99 Display: Dell E-series 18.5 inch flat panel monitor with LED= $139.00 Specs: 1366 x 768 pixels Resolution 1000:1 (typical) contrast ratio Response Time of up to 5 ms Printer: Epson Work Force 645 Wireless All-in-One Color Inkjet Printer, Copier, Scanner, Fax (C11CB86201)= $114.88 Keyboard: Model Logitech Keyboard K120= $14.30Â   Mouse: Model: A4 TECH N-551FX= $29.99 Scanner: HP Scan jet G2710 Photo Scanner= $145.16 U.S.B Flash Drives: (20 items) Kingston: 16 GB= $11.98 Projector: View Sonic : PJD5123 SVGA DLP Projector 120Hz/3D Ready, 2700 Lumens, 3000:1 DCR= $328.89Â   Web cam: LOGITECH WEBCAM C-160= $12.49 Routers: Linksys Wireless-N Business Notebook Adapter

Writing Female Heroism Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Writing Female Heroism - Essay Example Based on various textual evidences in the above narratives, they claim that Indians were a bunch of inhuman creatures. In as much as I would like to agree with both Kinnan’s and Rowlandson’s perspective on the animosity portrayed by the Indians, I believe beyond reasonable doubt that the Indians were forced to behave inhumanly based on their earlier advances by Whites. Kinnan and Rowlandson provide a first-hand account of the experiences which they underwent when in captivity by the Native Indians. From my perspective, any person who would face such an ordeal and heartening experience among the Indians would basically call them savages. Kannan for instance had her husband and child killed by the Indians, while Rowlandson had her beloved daughter die while she was in captivity by the Indians (Rowlandson 108). From the perspective of a mother, seeing one losing beloved ones is a hurtful experience that can manifest as post-traumatic stress resulting in fixed hatred towards the murderers. Any reader, mother or wife who reads this part in the narrative written by Mary Kinnan, â€Å"My child, scalped and slaughtered, smiled even then; my husband, scalped and weltering in his blood, fixed on me his dying eye†¦Ã¢â‚¬  would develop hatred towards the perpetrators as it touched deeply into family (Rowlandson 108). In Mary Rowlandson narrative, †Å"There was one who was chopped into the head with a hatchet and stripped naked, and yet was crawling up and down†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Kinnan 4). Such a narrative and description of the event that conspired on that fateful night would totally describe the Indians as inhuman. Both Kinnan and Rowlandson are biased while they give the accounts of their narratives as they were siding with the colonialists. However, from my perspective, I believe the Indians were not inhuman creatures as Kinnan and Rowlandson portrayed them. The Native Indians had their reason why they waged such violent wars on the white colonialists. During the same

Questions and Answers Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 4

Questions and Answers - Essay Example This is influenced after he suspects that Cassio was given the post, by reasons of Desdemona’s friendship, and because he interfered with the relationship between Cassio and Desdemona (Shakespeare, 2001). He wishes to stop the wedding of the two, with the help of Rodirego if it is not to late to do so. This marks the end of a warm freindship between Othello and Lago. This leaves Lagos name tarshished, from being an honest man, to the mortal enemy of Moor. His former friend Moor who is regarded noble and attains the highest military position. Roderigo serves as a secondary antagonist in the play. He is a Venetian desperately lusting but a declined Desdemona. In a dramatic persona, Roderigo is described as a dupe, a gull or an easy target. To pave way to Desdemona’s bed, Roderigo opens his handbag to Lago in the wrong belief that lago will help him (Shakespeare, 2001). At the very beginning, he alerts Brabantio that Desdemona has run away with Moor. Raderigo is hurt badly by lago, after the killing of Michael runs amiss. He is injured in the attempt of failing to kill Cassio. He is then stabbed and left to die, by Lago however later it is known that he had left letters telling the truth about Lagos plans. Moor is a term used to refer to someone or anyone who is either Arab or African. It is a Muslims region, which is half-Christian and half Muslim. Varied on the theme of racism, Moor as referred in the story, Shakespeare, is dark skin, and is discriminated in a big way by Montano. He seeks to revenge with the help of Lago, who he asks to give services to Montano, to get a grip to revenge. In a net of lies, Lago manipulates other characters in the name revenge (Shakespeare, 2001). The sense that they think Lago is honest; he achieves a chance to manipulate them all. The play fits tragedy in that; Shakespeare is searching for a particular tragedy to cover for the many tragedies. Shakespeare is influence, by the fact

Purchasing Power Parity Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Purchasing Power Parity - Assignment Example uest to depict the relation between three exchange rate indices, the author goes through all the relevant information pertaining the purchasing power of the chosen countries. The indices include the trade-weighted multilateral indices, import based multilateral indices, and the bilateral indices (Mkenda 39). The theory, PPP, relates a country’s exchange rates to the relative price levels of other respective nations. For this reason, any nation with a high level of inflation has a depreciating currency, and thus loss of its value. The model has been questioned, and it fails to apply in a variety of cases, where the theory does not hold empirical evidence in regards to a country’s economic performance (Taylor 440). In the article, African countries are seen to focus on minimal manufacturing activities, and rather rely on imported products. The countries face a number of limitations, among them being price takers rather than the decision makers. The nations take the market prices, affecting the states of their economy from time to time. Another major hindrance is the fact that these countries often make deals with exporters, where they get foreign aid, but have to rely on the country’s products. At such situations, the African nations have no choice but to take the fixed prices set in markets. Such limitations result to the depreciation of the countries’ currencies in the markets. Consequently, their exchange rates deteriorate and their purchasing power is therefore affected by the weakening currency. The author explains the mechanism of the Purchasing Power Parity Theory and its institution in the African continent. Through the econometric method, the report develops a number of findings, which help develop a conclusion for the research. From the report findings, African nations have a negative multilateral index, in terms of exports, imports and trade weighted indices. The bilateral index is also negative, proving that the countries have a lower

Plutarchs Influence on Shakespeare and Other Writers of the Sixteenth Century Essay Example for Free

Plutarchs Influence on Shakespeare and Other Writers of the Sixteenth Century Essay The influence of the writings of Plutarch of Chaeronea on English literature might well be made the subject of one of the most interesting chapters in the long story of the debt of moderns to ancients. One of the most kindly and young spirited, he is also one of the most versatile of Greek writers, and his influence has worked by devious ways to the most varied results. His treatise on the Education of Children had the honour to be early translated into the gravely charming prose of Sir Thomas Elyot, and to be published in a black-letter quarto imprinted, as the colophon tells us, in Fletestrete in the house of Thomas Berthelet. The same work was drawn upon unreservedly by Lyly in the second part of Euphues, and its teachings reappear a little surprisingly in some of the later chapters of Pamela. The essay on the Preservation of Good Health was twice translated into Tudor prose, and that on Curiosity suffered transformation at the hands of the virgin queen herself into some of the most inharmonious of English verse. The sixteenth century was indeed steeped in Plutarch. His writings formed an almost inexhaustible storehouse for historian and philosopher alike, and the age was characterized by no diffidence or moderation in borrowing. Plutarchs aphorisms and his anecdotes meet us at every turn, openly or in disguise, and the translations I have alluded to did but prepare the way for Philemon Hollands great rendering of the complete non-biographical works in the last year of the Tudor era. But it is as author of the Parallel Lives of the famous Greeks and Romans that Plutarch has most strongly and most healthily affected the literature of modern Europe. Few other books of the ancient world have had since the middle ages so interesting a career; in the history of no other, perhaps not even the Iliad, can we see so plainly that rare electric flash of sympathy where the spirit of classical literature blends with the modern spirit, and the renascence becomes a living reality. The Lives of Plutarch were early translated into Latin, and versions of them in that language were among the first productions of the printing press, one such edition being published at  Rome about 1470. It was almost certainly in this Latin form that they first attracted the attention and the pious study of Jacques Amyot (1514-93). Amyots Translations of Plutarch No writer of one age and nation has ever received more devoted and important services from a writer of another than Plutarch owes to Amyot. Already the translator of the Greek pastorals of Heliodorus and Longus, as well as seven books of Diodorus Siculus, Amyot came not unprepared to the subject of his lifes work. Years were spent in purification of the text. Amyots marginal notes as to variants in the original Greek give but a slight conception of the extent of his labours in this direction. Dr. Joseph Jager has made it more evident in a Heidelberg dissertation, Zur Kritik von Amyots Ubersetzung der Moralia Plutarchs (Biihl, 1899). In 1559, being then Abbot of Bellozane, Amyot published his translation of Plutarchs Lives, printed in a large folio volume by the famous Parisian house of Vascosan.The success of the work was immediate; it was pirated largely, but no less than six authorized editions were published by Vascosan before the end of 1579. Amyots concern with the Lives did not cease with the appearance of the first edition. Each re-issue contained improvements, and only that of 1619 can perhaps be regarded as giving his final text, though by that time the translator had been twenty-six years in his grave. Yet it was not the Lives solely that occupied him. In 1572 were printed Les Oeuvres Morales et Meshes de Plutarque. Translatees du Grec en Francois par Messire Jacques Amyot. The popularity of this volume, by whose appearance all Plutarch was rendered accessible in the vernacular to French readers, was hardly inferior to that the Lives had attained, and it directly inspired another work, already mentioned, whose importance for English drama was not very greatly inferior to that of Norths translation of the Lives: The Philosophic, commonly called the Morals, written by the learned Philosopher, Plutarch of Chaeronea. Translated out of Greeke into English, and conferred with the Latin translations, and the French, by Philemon HollandLondon 1603. The indebtedness of such writers as Chapman to the Morals of Plutarch is hardly to be measured. Our concern, however, is rather with the lives as they appeared in Norths translation from the French of Amyot, in 1579. Sir Thomas North Thomas North, or Sir Thomas, as history has preferred to call him, was born about 1535, the second son of Edward Lord North and Alice Squyer his wife. The knightly title in Norths case, like that or Sir Thomas Browne, is really an anachronism as regards his literary career. It was a late granted honour, withheld, like the royal pension, which seems to have immediately preceded death, till the recipients fame had long been established and his work in this world was virtually over. It is simply as Thomas North that he appears on the early title pages of his three books, and as Master North we find him occasionally mentioned in state papers during the long and eventful years that precede 1591 . Sometimes, by way of self-advertisement, he alludes to himself rather pathetically as sonne of Sir Edward North, Knight, L. North of Kyrtheling or Brother to the Right Honourable Sir Roger North, Knight, Lorde North of Kyrtheling. We know little of his life. It appears to have been a long and honourable one, full of incident and variety, darkened till almost the very end by the shadow of poverty, but certainly not devoid of gleams of temporary good fortune, and on the whole, no doubt, a happy life. There is good reason, but no positive evidence, for believing that he was educated at Peterhouse, Cambridge. In 1557 we find him at Lincolns Inn; on the 2Oth of December in that year he dates from there the dedicatory epistle to Queen Mary, prefixed to his Dtall of Princes. In 1568 he was presented with the freedom of the city of Cambridge. In 1574 he accompanied his elder brother Roger, second Baron North, on a special mission to the court of Henri III of France. Six years later, under date of August 25, 1580, the Earl of Leicester commends Mr. North to Lord Burghley as one who is a very honest gentleman, and hath many good things in him which are drowned only by poverty. During the critical days of the Armada he was Captain of three hundred men in the Isle of Ely, and he seems always to have borne a high reputation for valour. With 1590 the more interesting part of Norths life closes. In 1591 he was knighted. At this period he must apparently have enjoyed a certain pecuniary prosperity, since eligibility for knighthood involved the possession of land worth 40 [pounds] a year. In 1592 we hear of him as justice of the peace in Cambridgeshire; the official commission for placing him is dated February 24. Six years later we may infer that he was again in financial straits, for a grant of 20 [pounds] was made to him by the city of Cambridge. The last known incident of his life was the conferring on him of a pension of 40 [pounds] per annum from the Queen, in 1601. He may or may not have lived to see the publication of the third, expanded edition of his Plutarch in 1603, to which is prefixed a grateful dedication to Queen Elizabeth. North was twice married, and we know that at least two of his children, a son and daughter, reached maturity. His literary fame rests on three translations. The first in point of time was a version of Guevaras Libra Aureo, of which an abbreviated translation by Lord Berners bad been printed in 1535, with the title The Golden Boke of Marcus Aurelius Emperour and eloquent Oratour. North made no such effort at condensation; his rendering appeared first in 1557 and again, with the addition of a fourth book, in 1568, with the following title page: The Dial of Princes, compiled by the reverend father in God, Don Antony of Guevara, Byshop of Guadix, Preacher, and Chronicler to Charles the fifte, late of that name Emperor. Englished out of the Frenche by T. North. . . And now newly revised and corrected by hym, refourmed of faultes escaped in the first edition: with an amplification also of a fourth booke annexed to the same, entituled The fauored Courtier, never heretofore imprinted in our vulgar tongue. Right necessarie and pleasaunt to all noble and vertuous persones. There seems no reason to accept the suggestion that the style of this book was influential in any particular degree in shaping that of Lylys Euphues. Norths second translation appeared in 1570. The title page, which contains all the information concerning the work that the reader is likely to require, runs as follows: The Morall Philosophic of Doni: Drawne out of the auncient writers. A worke first compiled in the Indian tongue, and afterwardes reduced into divers other languages: and now lastly Englished out of Italian by Thomas North. In the Stationers Register for 1579 occurs this entry: VI to Die Aprilis. Thomas vautrollicr, master Wighte Lycenced vnto yem a booke in Englishc called Plutarks Lyves XV and a copie. This is the first mention of Norths translation of Plutarch, which was duly published in the same year, 1579, by the two book-sellers named in the registration notice. A facsimile of the title page appears as frontispiece to this volume.It is of importance to consider here the exact relation in which Norths translation stands to that of Amyot, first printed just twenty years before and definitely claimed by North as his source. .Norths Plutarch enjoyed till the close of the seventeenth century a popularity equal to its merits; but its vogue was now interrupted. It was supplanted by a succession of more modern and infinitely less brilliant renderings and was not again reprinted as a whole till 1895. How entirely it had fallen into disrepute in the eighteenth century is evident from the significant verdict of the Critical Review for February, 1771, This was not a translation from Plutarch, nor can it be read with pleasure in the present Age. One hopes, and can readily believe, that the critic had not made the attempt to read it. There is some doubt as to which edition of North was used by Shakespeare. The theory of Mr. A. P. Paton that a copy of the 1603 version bearing the initials W. S. was the poets property has long ago been exploded. From an allusion by Weever in his Mirror of Martyrs, we know that Julius Caesar was in existence in 1601. The two possible editions, those of 1579 and 1595 respectively, often vary a little in wording, but there seems to be no instance where such difference offers any hint as to which text Shakespeare used. No one with a knowledge of the rules and vagaries of Elizabethan orthography will probably lay any stress on the argument which prefers the  folio of 1595 for the sole reason that on the first page of the Life of Coriolanus it happens to agree in spelling of the word conduits with the 1623 Shakespeare, whereas the folio of 1579 gives the older form of conducts. If Shakespeares acquaintance with North was delayed till about 1600, it may be imagined that copies of the second edition would then be the more easily obtainable. If, on the other hand, we derive the allusions in A Midsummer Nights Dream (II. i. 75-80) to Hippolyta, Perigouna, Aegle, Ariadne, and Antiopa from the Life of Theseus, as has been done, though with no very great show of probability, we must then assume the dramatist to have known Norths book at a period probably antecedent to the appearance of the second edition. The question is of little import. There seems on other grounds every reason to prefer the text of the editio princeps, which in practically all cases of difference offers an older and apparently more authentic read ing than the version of 1595. As has been said, we have no evidence that North was personally responsible for any of the changes in the second edition.

The issue of poverty in Vietnam

The issue of poverty in Vietnam Whenever we talk about beggar, this always link us the problem of poverty. It has been an important issue in Vietnam for years. Currently, there is still a large number of people lives social bottom life. This is particularly noticeable in the background of strong stratification when the income gap between rich and poor start getting bigger and bigger. The process has a dynamic character; the poor are getting poorer and the rich even richer. Moreover, it can create some illegal acts in humanity. In this essay I have considered the following issues: cause of beggary, children as beggars, and its effect to the society. The theme of the essay, which I focused on, was the problem of beggary in Vietnam. The study of which I have highlighted the main groups of poor people especially children being abused for begging act. Body I. Cause of beggary Its very hard to give specific reason or establish any reason for the organization of beggary, as is the case with a crime. There can be a set of causes, including inability to physical, mental derangement, or society, poverty, the custom of giving, unemployment, the collapse of the family business , whether alone or in combination could create a situation that can cause beggary. Although the underlying cause in each case is the familys poverty or underemployment when the family is not in a position to support and disabled people, but at the same time, there are no security measures from the social forces them to beg. a) Economic reasons: The three main causes of economic poverty, job loss or lack of employment and business income. Poverty: One of the major factors that force people to make a miserable beggary. It does not mean that enough to support themselves or their families, many people resort to begging. Unemployment: But poverty alone cannot be held responsible because all those living in poverty are not used to beggary. The lucrative business: Because of easy profits and income from begging, some people can earn enough to make it as a career instead of doing honest labor. Not only that, many people make it as business and exploit others by investing some money in this business. There are group activities in large cities, which force many children to this job. And in the next part I will discuss more about it. b) Social causes: Among the social causes of family disorganization, lack of parental control, disorganized communities, breaking joint family system and social custom. Disorganized family: Family is part of the relationship of our society, which affect our patterns of behavior and activities. Any disruption in our home state, especially in the case of a poor one leads to a breakdown of the family, which do arise in beggary. Lack of Parental Control: The parents do not have the industrial center of control necessary for their children, but mothers also often go to factories to work. As a result children can switch to energy in any direction. If they fall into bad company, they can develop love of travel, can lead to beggary. c) Biological Cause: Among the biological causes may be addressed to illness, physical disability or mental disability and old age. Disability or illness: The physical disabilities such as blindness, deafness or acquired in the beginning had this effect lot of people to beg as economic conditions of their families so as not to afford the maintenance of the disabled. Lack of spirit: There are people who lack mental or insane and unable to earn any living and they are forced to beg. Other reason: Among other reasons may be mentioned those forced to beg. When someone is executed beggary. There are orphans and waifs and touch those who deliberately maimed or deformed to have a guardian or other person can earn their living. Many parents also trade on the normal weaknesses of their children by using this additional source of income. II. Children as beggars 1. What cause children to go on the street? In this part I want to discuss the main features of social work with street children. In Vietnam, there are more than 1700 children under 18 are homeless and living on the street in 2010 (tien phong newspaper, 2010 http://www.tienphong.vn/Thoi-Su/523066/Tre-lang-thang-duong-pho-Rui-ro-nhieu-nguy-co-lam.html). This is mainly orphans; children left without parental care, children runaways. The situation of homeless children is especially painful. Among them there are children-fugitives children run away from home or from an educational institution due to break ties with parents emerged of heavy conflict with teachers, tutors, peers, the deformation value orientation and other reasons that led to a crisis of relations. Rarely, the cause of juvenile runaways presence of mental illness can lead the child to become beggar. Delivered in nursing homes, other institutions of social rehabilitation of such children often commit recidivist runaways. Among many reasons, the loss of family ties or conflicting with family relationships, violent, aggressive, ill-treatment by parents. The reason for the shock of children by the divorce of their parent or a single parent remarries, primarily residing with a child. Additional risk factor was the position and the school, which distanced itself from the teens with a difficult life. Coagulation outside the classroom work in educational institutions, the disappearance of childrens organizations impoverishes recreational activities of children, their upbringing and development. In some cases, children escape from the house a consequence of the pedagogical helplessness of parents, their distorted view of the limits of autonomy of children, lack of control over their pastime. Concerns adults only meet the challenge of natural and material requirements, violation of mutual understanding and trust between children and parents. Strengthening parents employment, forced to combine several jobs to ensure the existence of family members also leads to an increase in child neglect, increase the risk of their escape from the house. Dramatically on the rise of social maladjustment of children: The early alcoholism and drug addiction, vagrancy, immorality teenagers, prostitution, illegal actions. Child runaways become easy prey for criminal organizations, juvenile crime is known for his cruelty and cynicism. Almost all children runaways have lag in mental, physical and intellectual development, weakened health. Sometimes, they are suffering from chronic diseases, feeli ng its uselessness, these teens often prone to suicidal acts. Creating an integrated system of prevention and rehabilitation of socially maladjusted children and adolescents, which include and children a fugitive, is now a problem of national importance. 2. When children become victims of the beggars group. Have you ever wonder why there are many kids beggars on the street? If yes, maybe my story here happens to many others too. When you go to Pham Ngu Lao Street in Dict.1, you will easily being followed by some kid beggar carry a child on the shoulder. To me that picture is very painful and of course for the first few times, I just did as most of people seeing that will do, I gave them money. But one day after giving money, I try to find what that little girl going to do with the money and I saw her run to one woman sit near that and give her money, the money that I just gave her. And for awhile, I read on newspaper, there are like mafia beggars in Vietnam. They hire kids, kidnap some of them and turn them to beggars. In order to go the street and beg for money, all of the kids have to go through the training. The first is a prepared speech when people concern, such as Live in the middle of Vietnam, father just died, they have illness, or little brother or sister needs to be taken care of. The following is to the movements. Kneeling bow is one way, emaciated stinking body rust on others to get in a terrorist .Another way is keep following one person until he has to give them some money. Among the children day after day are probably living in the corner of the street and beg for money now, not because they have miserable life but because they just fell in the trap of beggar business and become a professional beggar. They have been deprived to self love, self-esteem and love when people step into the street beggars. In return, they are taught to be tough bottles, cruel and torment each other hand to contribute. III. Effect of beggars to the society Beggars tend to present a negative image of a particular location. The presence of beggars were seen as manifestations of larger social ills or issues and may cause others to avoid the beggar-area population The effects of street beggars cannot be overemphasized. Beggars into health risk because many of them can transmit infectious diseases in society. Some dealers and armed robbers abducted therefore constitute security risks in society. Looking at the effects of street beggars, I think the governments of the countries in the world have to hold big responsibility about it, no matter where it is, commonly reducing poverty in their country which is one of the factors causing it. The government should increase efforts to control traffic accidents which are making many people disabled. The medical establishment should be improved so that children will not be attacked by patients before and after birth. Above all, the Government should build a special village to beg than to let them roam the streets. IV. Conclusion As can be seen from all the above facts, people with no fixed income or even see beggary is a business- this is a problem whose solution is the mass of the nuances that require special attention. In Vietnam, beggary still legal, even though the government tries to tell everyone that they cannot make children to go on the street and beg for money. The abstract has been investigated not only the essence of social work, but the underlying reasons for the formation of the problem. For all these reasons, we can conclude: the most important in solving this problem is to overcome the systemic crisis in the country, to carry out social policies that would be aimed at ensuring normal living conditions for the majority of the population, especially the so-called most unprotected.

Robert Frost?s ?The Road Not Taken Essay example -- essays research pa

Robert Frost’s â€Å"The Road Not Taken,† can be understood in various ways. The mood, attitude, and mindset of the reader predispose their thoughts towards the poem’s true meaning. The title of the Frost’s poem suggests that it is about decisions and obstacles in life and how people should handle them. Frost is voicing his opinion, saying that whatever path or decision making we make or do, one day, will be the key factor in your future tomorrow and thereafter. Almost every human being experiences life’s bumpy road journey and Frost indicates in his poem that there are never just one single path to take; instead it is like a complex maze. A traveler comes upon "two roads diversified in a yellow wood" (Frost 719 ). Frost indicates that it is a cross road in his life and he must chose one way or another. The option of choosing both roads is not there because it is not possible, so the traveler must decide how he wants to live the remainder of his life and choose that path. The traveler, still deciding on what path to take, states regretfully "...Sorry I could not travel both paths" (Frost 719). This is a prime example of everyday life. It is nearly impossible to look into the future and see the end result of which path to take, and therefore makes it even more difficult of which life path to strive towards. By not seeing the future result in picking one road over another, the traveler wonders what he will be missing out. Frost is e...

British National Identity Through the Lens of British Media Essay

Within a few minutes after the ambulance had pulled up to the scene, the paparazzi photographers descended and began to shoot pictures for so-called exclusives to be published in the following day's edition of their respective tabloids. One way or another, other journalists and their cameramen found their ways to the tunnel underpass in Paris on August 31, 1997, and the UK as well as the rest of the world received the breaking news that Diana, Princess of Wales, had died that night in a car crash. What was astonishing was not the rapidity of the news- that is, after all, the beauty of modern broadcasting technology- but the effect that the news had on the public. In the following weeks and months, story after story demonstrated the extent of the late Princess' popularity as the pictures and video clips showed the gates in front of Buckingham Palace disappearing under the oceans of flowers and memorials devoted to Princess Diana. While some Britons were skeptical of such an outpouring of grief, the majority of Britons shared their collective mourning as well as anger when it was reported that the flag had not been lowered to half-mast at Diana's funeral as the Queen was not in residence at Buckingham Palace at the time. Thanks to the news media, people all over Britain could keep abreast of all these small details regarding the news event of the late Diana and share their feelings together, creating a sense of national identity in the wake of a tragedy. But what exactly is national identity? The British don't seem to know anymore than anyone else does; they are currently wondering where they fit into the grand picture of a global community. As Roberto Foa from Europa Magazine puts it, "On the one hand, she [Britain] has her... ...umption that others share the same associations with elements particular to British culture (ranging from Coldplay to pubs to the Queen). The identities that join nationalism are fluid and changing; they are determined by the stories that are remembered (Princess Diana's death) and others which are forgotten (the Falklands War, perhaps). What is important to realize is the longstanding role that the media- and television in particular, as a visual and audio medium- have in contributing to this sense of national identity because they are the storytellers of our times. As Joel Montague describes nationality, it "is not so much the result of the existence of such cultural elements as it is dependent upon the existence of sufficient communication between members of the community." (Montague, 44) How else to describe media but as communication between members in a society?

Financial Aid Is An Important For College students Essay

As we know College costs are rising. But, Future students should not be afraid because there is more financial aid available such as scholarships, grants, work-study programs, and college loans for students. Financial aid is money in the form of loans, grants and employment that is available to a student to help pay the cost of attending. Financial aid comes from the federal government, which is the largest provider of aid, as well as state government. You should apply for financial aid using the Free Application for Federal Student Aid (FAFSA). You will need to apply for financial aid every year by completing a FAFSA. Many financial aid programs have limited funding, therefore early application is recommended. Application should be completed at least one month prior to the semester you are planning to attend. If you apply for funding late, you will receive your funding late. Financial aid is one of the most importance issue for students to process attending College, and the first st ep what student face for attending courses. Have you ever found a solution to your problem? I think may be this financial aid issue is an important for you. How do you overcome these things? Is it the biggest problem facing college students today. How can be resolved it? There is a growing number of older students entering college today. These students have families that they need to support. I know, because I am a family man who has returned to school. I wish to finish my degree at Midlands Tech College. The only problems I face are financial in nature. It is with this in mind that I set about this research. Is financial aid available to older students, and if so, how do they go about obtaining it? Most common issue I found was money, Tuition costs are constantly being raised at high rates. And that’s not including  other expenses like eating out, shopping trips, gas for the car, and the price of textbooks. I found College students drop out of school each year because they cannot afford it. Others are forced to balancing full schedules with full time jobs to make end. It is becoming harder for students to graduate. A Way to solve this problem is by helping students seek more help financially having consolers provide students with small scho larships or help them look for such things can help reduce the amounts of students that drop out of college.

Mary Shelley’s Frankenstein Essay

   Frankenstein is a book about man’s thirst for knowledge, about the way he is not satisfied unless he knows all the wonders of the world. In many cases, this can lead to the destruction of a man’s soul, as it did to Victor Frankenstein. His quest to learn the secrets of heaven and earth ended in disaster. The monster was the embodiment of evil, bringing death and destruction wherever it laid foot. It brought death to Frankenstein’s family, in a pure quest for revenge. Symbolic of most evil, the monster was manmade. In many ways Mary Shelley’s life can be compared to that of Victor Frankenstein’s. Mary must have felt that wherever she went, evil followed, as those closest to her were snatched away. She portrayed this in Frankenstein as Victor’s family was destroyed by the monster, symbolic of the evil she felt followed her. Mary’s marriage is also represented in Frankenstein. Mary’s marriage to Percy Shelley was the happiest time of her life before he was killed. In the same way, Victor’s marriage to Elizabeth was the only joy he had felt in a long time, when just as suddenly she was murdered by the monster, again symbolising the evil that Mary felt killed her husband. Mary also describes very vividly the pain that Victor felt, leading us to believe that she must have felt the same pain and agony. She reveals this in many situations such as the quotes, ‘the overflowing misery I now felt, and the excess of agitation that I endured rendered me incapable of any exertion’ and, ‘a fiend had snatched from me every chance of future happiness; no creature had ever been so miserable as I was’. The ending of the story was that the death of Victor Frankenstein led the monster to believe that his work was done, and so the monster burned himself to death. The creation had ironically led to the death of the creator. Mary believed that in the event of a man’s demise, the evil inside him dies as well. Frankenstein contains a sad ending, with the destruction of a whole family due to a man’s insatiable quest for knowledge. Mary’s life also consisted of a sad ending, in which she was never as happy as she was when with her husband. She died a lonely death, without her loved ones surrounding her, the same fate shared by Victor Frankenstein. The monster in Frankenstein can be compared to the beast in Lord of the Flies. There are both similarities and differences. In both novels, the idea of a monster/beast represents the pure manifestation of evil. Mutually they lead to the destruction and death of those around them. They are equally spawned from the mind and hands of humans. They both originally spring from the minds of humans. To explain, in Lord of the Flies is the imagination of the boys representing evil, and in Frankenstein it is Victor’s wild imagination and thirst for intellect that leads to the creation of the monster. However, this can also be viewed as a particular dissimilarity. In Frankenstein, the monster is bodily real and physically inflicts harm on Victor’s family. However in Lord of the Flies the beast is just as deadly and evil, but is inside the children’s minds. William Golding was born in Cornwall in 1911. His family was progressive and it was the first source of influence for Golding’s talent. He studied physics and English literature at Marlboro and Oxford University of England. From the first years of his life, he faced the atrocities of war. Fuelled with stories his parents related to him about the first war, he took part in the second great war by joining the British Navy at 1940. After the war, William became a teacher at a boys school in Salisbury. Here, he started to act as a writer. He observed many children in their natural environment, and must have witnessed the negative side of a child’s nature countless number of times. This led him to write Lord Of The Flies which was his first published book. William Golding lived through the two biggest wars in history. During his time in the Navy, he had a constant reminder of the evil and brutality in the hearts of men. He saw countless lives lost around him, some belonging to his friends. It had been revealed to him that the pure evil inside a man can start world wars. This, along with his teaching experiences, was his incentive to write Lord Of The Flies. After surviving the war, he saw during his teaching that children were not bereft of evil either. Combining these two topics he wrote Lord Of The Flies, the conflict between humanity’s innate barbarism and the civilizing influence of reason. In the book, he portrays Jack as the embodiment of evil. It is Jack’s thirst for power that causes the breakdown of civilisation. In this way, Jack can be compared to Hitler. Jack did not want to stop murdering until the whole of Ralph’s group were killed. In the same way, Hitler did not want to stop until the world was rid of Jews. Jack’s tribe wore face paint whereas Hitler and the Nazis wore the sign of the Swastika on their arms. Jack is aided in his quest of destruction by Roger, who can be compared to the Nazis. Roger also represents pure evil and wrongness, moreso even than Jack. He derived sadistic pleasure from torturing pigs and the other boys on the island. Similarly, the Nazis tortured the Jews from which they obtained a sick sense of fulfilment. Roger is one of Jack’s most loyal helpers, and gladly carries out his orders, in the same manner the Nazis obeyed Hitler. The ending of the novel can be interpreted in two different ways. The first would be to interpret that William Golding does actually have a positive outlook on life and believes that the end of life will be a happy one. This can be portrayed as the naval officer who has come to end the evil and escape the boys from the clutches of death, and thus the arrival of authority seems like a happy and ironic ending. However if one digs deeper it is just a continuation from one war to another. Once all the boys get on the Navy cruiser, they’ll most likely just be subjected to more battle and fighting, this time on a worldwide level, due to the war taking place in the outside world. To conclude, the common theme in both novels was the evil in man. Both authors had their own experiences that led them to believe that evil resides amongst all of us. They both took their experiences and portrayed them in novels filled with symbolism. Mary Shelley believed that evil is constantly around us, and that no-one can escape. She believed that man has an evil inside of him so powerful that it can lead to the destruction of his own soul. William Golding’s understanding was that every man is born with evil inside him. He didn’t believe in man’s innocence after the second world war. He found that even children are not innocent, saying, ‘No one is innocent until the society and the way of his life make him to pretend that he’s innocent. But sometimes, when a man is facing a difficult situation then he will probably show his other nature, the dark and guilty nature. ‘ Shyam Kanabar Show preview only The above preview is unformatted text This student written piece of work is one of many that can be found in our GCSE Mary Shelley section.

Disease Specific Program

In this paper, we would be discussing the application of self-management concepts involved in improving the health and quality of life for people with chronic Diabetes Mellitus. Diabetes Mellitus is a complex disorder of carbohydrate, protein, and fat metabolism in which a relative or absolute insulin deficiency is the essential feature, Drury (1986). Diabetes is recognized as a model of broader based communicable disease control programs, WHO (1991 – 1998).The metabolic derangement is frequently associated with permanent and irreversible functional and structural changes in the cells of the body, those of the vascular system being particularly susceptible. The changes lead in turn to the development of well-defined clinical entities, the so-called ‘complications’ of Diabetes which most characteristically affect the eye, the kidney and the nervous system. Introduction It is not too distant past one of the critical tests of the skill of a nurse was the ability to m eet the needs of a patient with an acute infectious disease such as Typhoid fever or pneumonia.When the patient recovered, the nurse could rightly take credit for having made an important contribution. As infectious diseases have been brought under control, the incidence of chronic illness has risen so that they now account for a significant portion of morbidity and morality. Chronically ill patients often have a wider range of problems and need a greater variety of services than are needed to meet the needs of the acutely ill.Res ¬toration of the patient to optimum status and preven ¬tion of progress of the illness often demands the con ¬tinued efforts of the patient, family, nurse, physician, and other health and welfare personnel as well as the members of the community. With patients in whom progress toward recovery is slow and in whom control or prevention of the progression of disease is the goal rather than complete recovery, the nurse may not be able to see immediate re sults of her or his efforts. Instead of a relatively brief and intense relationship in which the patient is dependent on the nurse, the nurse often has a more or less pro ¬longed relationship.This relationship with the pa ¬tient changes from time to time, from dependence to independence to interdependence. To meet the needs of the patient, the nurse should be able to identify clues indicating the type of relationship best suited to the needs of the patient at a given time and to adapt her or his behavior accordingly. A Clinical Nurse Specialist (CNS) is described as an administrator, leader, manager, collaborator, practitioner, advanced clinician, consultant, educator and researcher (Wilson-Barnett, 1994; Dunne, 1997; McCarthy, 1996).Literature Review Today the test of the skill of the nurse is the ability to meet the needs of the chronically ill patient. If a single disease was to be selected as the modern day test of nursing knowledge and skill, diabetes mel ¬litus would und oubtedly receive many votes. There are many reasons that this is true. Diabetes mellitus has a relatively high incidence. It affects all age groups. Its complications are many and serious. There are, however, effective means for its detec ¬tion, diagnosis, and treatment.With modern methods of therapy, persons with diabetes mellitus can live almost as long as those who do not have diabetes. Even more important, they can have full and useful lives with few restrictions on their activi ¬ties. Persons with diabetes mellitus have been Rhodes scholars, mountain climbers, hockey players, television stars and statesmen. They marry, bear and rear children, and can lead successful, vigorous, productive, lives-a far cry from the predictable fate of the diabetic before the era of insulin therapy. The nurse is always concerned about the epide ¬miology of disease.Understanding the distribution and dynamics (epidemiology) of a disease serves as a basis for meeting objectives of disease detec tion and for education of patient, family, and community. Because diabetes and other chronic diseases are not reportable, they are not subjected to the type of surveillance used for communicable diseases. As sur ¬veys and techniques of detection and diagnosis im ¬prove, reporting will increase and it may be possible to identify and to improve preventive measures.According to the 1975 National Health Interview Survey, a rate of 20.4 per 1,000 population or an estimated 4. 8 million persons in the United States reported diagnosed dia ¬betes. Between 1965 and 1975, the prevalence of diabetes increased by 50 per cent in the United States (Guthrie & Guthrie, 2002; Flarey & Blancett, 1996). There is some question if there is a true in ¬crease in the frequency. The data may represent an increase in recognition due to increased use of automated blood chemistry laboratory techniques.Diabetes mellitus occurs in all age groups and in both sexes. The prevalence rate increases with age, from 1.3/1,000 (1 in 77) for persons under 17 years of age to 78. 5/1,000 (1 in 12) in persons over the age of 65. Diabetes is reported more frequently in females (2. 4 per cent) than in males (1. 6 per cent). Females have a prevalence rate of 24. 1/ 1,000. This is a 50 per cent increase from 1965 data when it was 16. 1 /l, 000. The prevalence rate for males is 16. 3/1,000. The most dramatic changes in preva ¬lence of reported diabetes is the increase of diabetes in nonwhites under the age of 45. This group has a percentage change of 150 per cent.Non ¬whites are 20 per cent more likely than whites to have diabetes (Dunning, 2003). Incidence is the frequency of new cases of a disease developed during a specified time period. In 1963, 17 years after the first Oxford study, 65. 7 per cent of the residents aged 34 to 55 years who lived in Oxford during the first study were re ¬studied. The percentage of diabetics was found to be the same in the second as in the first study (O†™Sulli ¬van, 1969). In the 1930s and 1940s there was marked improve ¬ment in the life expectancy of diabetics. Since that time, there has been little improvement.This may be due to the fact that Diabetes patients are living long enough to develop the more dangerous concomitants (Kessler, 1971). Reasons for failure to prevent the concomitants of Diabetes are one of the problems being studied intensively today. The Management of Diabetes Mellitus The ideal treatment for diabetes would allow the patient lead a completely normal life to remain not only symptom-free but in positive good health, to achieve a normal metabolic state, and to escape the complications associated with long-term diabetes.Nowadays diabetic patients rarely die in ketoacidosis in any number, but the major problem which has emerged is the chronic invalidism, due to disease of both large and small blood vessels, of many of those whose duration of life has been extended. It is well known that diabetics show an i ncreased propensity to fall due to visual impairment and neuropathy, as well as foot problems (Wallace et al, 2002; Keegan et al, 2002) and presumably accelerated cognitive decline (Gregg et al, 2000).Data from clinical studies strongly suggest that although genetic factors affect the susceptibility to develop complications, the incidence of serious retinopathy is related to the degree of diabetic control achieved (Clark & Cefalu, 2000). It is therefore incumbent on all those who are involved in looking after diabetic patients to strive in every way to achieve as good control as is practicable in terms of blood glucose concentration. The management of diabetes demands a broad range of professional skills, which include communication, counseling, leadership, teaching and research to name but a few.The Diabetes Nurse Specialist has the expertise and specialist knowledge to incorporate these skills into practice and so develop standards of care that benefits the patient (Daly, 1997). T he Diabetes Nurse Specialist (DNS) plays a pivotal role within a multidisciplinary team. The recognition of the contribution of the Diabetes Nurse Specialist in helping patients achieve good diabetes control highlights his/her essential role in diabetes care, (DCCT,1995; UKPDS, 1998). Metcalfe (1998) states that a Diabetes Nurse Specialist works in collaboration with a team to ensure continuity of care, lends towards more successful management.Types of Treatment There are three methods of treatment, namely diet alone, diet and oral hypoglycemic drugs and diet and insulin. Each obliges the patient to adhere to a life long dietary regimen. Approximately 60% of new cases of diabetes can be controlled adequately by diet alone, about 20% will need an oral hypoglycemic drug and another 20%, mainly younger patients, will require insulin (Long, et al, 1995). A patient may pass from one group to another – temporarily or permanently. Role of the Nurse in Prevention and DiagnosisNurses have numerous opportunities to assist the identification of persons who either have diabetes or are potential diabetics. The CNS is prepared beyond the level of a generalist (The Report of The Commission on Nursing, 1998). Review of the etiologic factors gives the nurse clues as to the target populations. In addition she or he, regardless of the field of practice, must always be alert to the signs and symptoms of diabetes. Any individual with symptoms suggesting diabetes mellitus should be encouraged to seek medical attention. The Suspicion of the school nurse should be aroused when a child develops polyuria and polydipsia.The public health nurse who visits in the home should be alert to the possibility of diabetes in family members. Some patients are discovered to have diabetes after they are admitted to the hospital. Most hospitals have a rule that before a patient can undergo any type of surgical procedure, the urine must be checked for glucose. The nurse can also assist in commu nity screening programs. In addition to opportunities for the nurse to participate in programs for the identification of persons who have diabetes mellitus, nurses have a role in the prevention of the disease.Because of the frequency with which diabetes in the middle-aged person is associated with obesity, individuals are encouraged to avoid overweight by diet and exercise. The preventive aspects related to genetic counseling are less clear. Persons with diabetes or persons with families in which there is a known history of diabetes should be acquainted with the risks involved when planning marriage. Psychological Aspects Fink (1967) has proposed a model of the processes of adaptation to stressful situations. He proposes that psychological phases follow a sequential pattern as follows:Stage 1: Shock; in this phase the person's cognitive structure is characterized by disorganiza ¬tion. There is inability to plan or to reason. Stage 2: Defensive retreat characterized by denial. Stag e 3: Acknowledgment, giving up the past, and starting to face reality. Stage 4: Adaptation, acceptance. of the modification in health. Planning to care for self and to prevent complications. When a person learns that he or she has diabetes mellitus, even when its presence was suspected, he or she experiences disbelief and then grief. The degree of shock will depend on the individual and what the diagnosis and treatment mean to him or her.Any preexisting problem can be expected to be intensified. The pa ¬tient and family can be expected to react to knowl ¬edge of the diagnosis as they do to other crisis situa ¬tions in life. The patient compares dia ¬betes with health and prefers health. The nurse can usually be of more help to the patient if she or he can help in identifying and expressing feelings rather than telling the patient how lucky he or she is. During the period immediately following diagnosis, the patient and family require psychological support. This should start with the patient’s admission to the office of the physician, to the clinic, or to the hospital.The type and amount of support will vary with each individual. Both the patient and family have a right to expect professional personnel to try to understand their feelings and to accept their behavior as having meaning (Otong, 2003). The nurse should try to convey to the patient that, while understanding or trying to understand his or her feelings, the patient will be able to learn to do what must be done and will be provided with the necessary assistance. Control of Diabetes Mellitus Successful management of diabetes mellitus depends on the intelligent co-operation of the patient and the family.Unlike recovery from an acute infectious disease, recovery from Diabetes does not follow a period of acute illness. Diabetes Mellitus is permanent. Remissions can and do occur, but even these patients should not think of themselves as cured. The fundamental methods used in the treatment are diet, insulin or hypoglycemic agents, exercise, and education. The continued management and con ¬trol of diabetes mellitus depend on the patient. Edu ¬cation as to the nature and behavior of the disease is required so that the patient understands the rea ¬sons for what he or she must do and develops the skills required for it.Diet The keystone for management of the diabetic is dietary control. In most respects the goals of the diet for the diabetic patient are similar to those for the non-diabetic. They are to provide sufficient calories to establish and maintain body weight. The number will vary with the age, sex, body size, activity, and growth and development requirements along with an adequate intake of all nutrients, including minerals and vitamins. Modifications in amounts and types of foods as required in the control of complications of diabetes and other diseases.Meal spacing so that absorption coincides with peak levels of insulin in the blood and protects from hypog lycemia during the night. For patients on intermediate-acting insulin, food is usually dis ¬tributed in five meals-three main meals with a small meal about 4 P. M. and another at bedtime. For the patient who is taking insulin, it is essential that a regular meal schedule be observed. Integration of exercise and diet with medications is essential. Most diabetic diets contain 50 to 60 per cent carbohydrates with 10 to 15 per cent in the form of Disaccharides and monosaccharide.Fats should comprise no more than 35 per cent of the total calories. The remaining calories are protein (Arky, 1978). Patients are encouraged to select unsatu ¬rated fats as recommended by the American Heart Association. Concentrated sweets and refined sugars should be avoided. Insulin Treatment with exogenous insulin is indicated in the following situations: diabetic ketoacidosis, juvenile diabetes, diabetes developing before the age of 40, unstable diabetes, oral hypoglycemic failure, diet therapy failures , and during stress of pregnancy, infections, major surgery.For the ketosis-prone individual and the unstable adult an exogenous insulin supply is always required. For the others it may be an intermittent requirement (Bonar, 1977) that is required during periods of stress. In the non-diabetic, insulin is released in response to food intake. The beta cells have the ability to release approximately 40 units daily, and there are another 200 units stored for emergency (Ellenburg et al, 2002). The diabetic does not have an endogenous supply, and an exogenous form is provided. Various types of insulin preparations have been developed.They fall into three general categories: fast-acting (regular and semilente), intermediate (NPH and lente), and long-acting (PZI and ultra lente). The actions of each preparation vary as to time of onset, duration of action, and peak activity time. Hypogly ¬cemic reactions are most likely to occur at time of peak action. Regular insulin is the only form giv en intravenously, and it has a clear appearance. The other insu ¬lin preparations have a turbid appearance. Each type of insulin comes in three concentrations; U-40, U-80, and U-I00. This refers to the concentration of insulin per milliliter.U-40 has 40 units per ml, U-80 has 80 units per ml, and U-100 has 100 units per ml. Syringes are specially calibrated for each concentration. Eventually, the only concentration available will be the U-100 strength (Joshu, 1996). This will decrease confusion and cut down on errors. The objective of insulin therapy is to enable the individual to utilize sufficient food to meet nutri ¬tional needs and, within limits, the desire for food. For many patients this objective can be achieved by a single injection of protamine zinc insulin or one of the intermediate-acting insulin, either alone or in combination with crystalline insulin.The ideal preparation of insulin would be one in which the insulin is released in response to hyperglycemia. At this time there is no such preparation. Persons who require less than 40 units of insulin per day often do very well on a single injection of Protamine Zinc Insulin. Insulin-Equipment and Administration The patient must know the type of insulin, concen ¬tration (U-80, U-100), and the prescribed dosage. It is essential that the appropriate syringe be used for the insulin concentration prescribed.Diabetic pa ¬tients on insulin may use either disposable or reusa ¬ble syringes. The former are used one time only and then discarded. Patients find them highly desirable because they do not require sterilization. Although minimal, cost may be considered a disadvantage. If reusable syringes and needles are used they should be sterilized by boiling before each injection. Boiling is simplified by placing the separated barrel and plunger of the syringe and the needle in a metal strainer. The strainer is placed in a saucepan of cold water and boiled for 5 minutes.When the syringe is removed fro m the water, care should be taken not to contaminate any part of the needle or syringe that comes in contact with the insulin or is intro ¬duced into the patient. When the syringe and needle are kept in alcohol, the alcohol container should be emptied, washed, and boiled at the time the syringe is sterilized. Before the syringe is filled with insulin, alcohol should be removed from the barrel by mov ¬ing the plunger in and out of the barrel a number of times. The skin over the site of injection should be clean, and just before the injection is made, it should be cleansed with alcohol.The hour at which the patient takes the insulin will depend on the type of insulin, the severity of the diabetes, when blood sugar is highest, and the practices of the physician. The most common time is 20 to 30 minutes before breakfast for patients re ¬ceiving one injection a day. Modified insulin con ¬taining a precipitate should be gently rotated until the sediment is thoroughly mixed with th e clear solu ¬tion. Vigorous shaking should be avoided to prevent bubble formation. Insulin, though usually called a protein, is a poly ¬peptide and is digested in the alimentary canal. It must therefore be administered parenterally.The usual method is by subcutaneous injection into loose subcutaneous tissues. Because daily, or more fre ¬quent, injections are required over the lifetime of the individual, care should be taken to rotate the sites, so that one area is not used more often than once each month. Conclusion The nurse has major responsibilities in the care of the diabetic patient. She or he must provide instruction, guidance and understanding for the control and management of the condition. The nurse must be prepared to provide nursing care for the patient if acute or chronic complications should occur.Last but not least, the nurse must recognize that the diabetic is not exempt from other diseases. She or he must be prepared to evaluate the impact of a concurrent illn ess on the diabetes and the impact of the diabetes on the concurrent illness. The sick diabetic has all the problems of any person who is ill and they are compounded by the diabetic state. The special needs of the diabetic must be recognized and met. The nurse who assists in the care of the diabetic patient has the satisfaction of knowing that the quality of life of the diabetic can be improved by intelligent nursing care. References Arky, R.A. 1978. â€Å"Current Principles of Dietary therapy of Diabetes Mellitus,† Med. Clin. North Am., 62, 655-62. Bonar, J. 1977. Diabetes: A Clinical Guide, Flushing, N.Y.: Medical Exam Publishing Co, pp.20-22. Clark, Nathanial Goodwin & Cefalu, William T. 2000. â€Å"Medical Management of Diabetes Mellitus,† CRC Press. Daly F. 1997. â€Å"The Role of the Diabetes Nurse specialist,† Irish Medical times, 14(17), 18. Diabetes Control and Complications Trial (DCCT). 1995. â€Å"Annals of Internal Medicine,† 122: 561-568. Drury. 1986. â€Å"Diabetes Mellitus,† 2nd Ed, Blackwell & Scientific Publications. Dunne L.1997. â€Å"A literature review of advanced clinical nursing practice in the United States of America,† Journal of Advanced Nursing, 25: 814-819. Dunning. 2003. â€Å"Care of People with Diabetes: A Manual of Nursing Practice, p.65-69.† Ellenberg et al. 2002. â€Å"Ellenberg and Rifkin's Diabetes Mellitus,† McGraw-Hill Professional, p.82. Fink, SL. 1967. â€Å"Crisis and Motivation: A Theoretical Model,† Arch. Phys. Med. Rehab., 592–97. Flarey, Dominick L & Blancett, Suzanne Smith. 1996. â€Å"Case Studies in Nursing Case Management: Health Care Delivery in a World of Managed Care,† Jones and Bartlett Publishers. Gregg et al. 2000. â€Å"Is diabetes associated with cognitive impairment and cognitive decline among older women?† Study of Osteoporotic Fractures Research Group, Arch Intern Med, 160:174–180. Guthrie, Richard A & Guthrie, Diana W. 2002. â€Å"Nursing Management of Diabetes Mellitus: A Guide to the Pattern Approach,† Springer Publishing. Joshu, Debra Haire. 1996. â€Å"Management of Diabetes Mellitus: Perspectives of Care across the Life Span,† Mosby, 2nd ed. Keegan et al. 2002. â€Å"Foot problems as risk factors of fractures,† Am J Epidemiology, 155:926–931. Kessler, IJ. 1971. â€Å"Mortality experience of diabetic patients,† Am.J.Med., 51, p.724. Long, Barbara C et al. 1995. â€Å"Adult Nursing: A Nursing Process Approach,† Elsevier Health Sciences. McCarthy. 1996. â€Å"Advantages and Disadvantages of Specialism in nursing,† Paper presented to An Bord altranais Conference, Continuing Education for Nurses. Metcalf L. 1998. â€Å"Ensuring continuity of care for diabetic patients attending hospital,† Journal of Diabetes Nursing, 2(5):135-138. O’Sullivan, JB. 1969. â€Å"Population re-tested for diabetes after 17 years: New Prevalence Study,† Diabetologia, 5:4, 211-14. Otong, Deoborah Antai. 2003. â€Å"Psychiatric Nursing: Biological and Behavioral Concepts,† Thomson Delmar Learning. Report of the Commission on Nursing. 1998. â€Å"Government Publications,† Section 6.33, page 105. United Kingdom Prospective Diabetes Study (UKPDS). 1998. British Medical Journal 317(7160): 703-713. Wallace et al. 2002. â€Å"Incidence of falls, risk factors for falls, and fall-related fractures in individuals with diabetes and a prior foot ulcer,† Diabetes Care, 25:1983–1986. Wilson-Barnett J & Beech S. 1994. â€Å"Evaluating the Clinical Nurse Specialist: A review,† International Journal of Nursing Studies, 13 (6): 561-571. World Health Organization Publications.1991-1998.

The Facts and Fictions of the Salem Witch Trials

The idea of witchcraft has been a controversial topic since the begging of time however, witchcraft became better known in 1692, with the begging of the Salem witch trials. Many stories have been written about the Salem witch trials. Some are found in journals, other stories are exaggerated from those journals. The comparison of historical facts and the play the Crucible are the perfect example of an exaggerated actual event. During the Salem witch trials, Tituba was asked to make a â€Å"witchcake† in order to figure was afflicting Betty Parris. She was later accused of witchcraft by Betty and Abigail Parris. Betty and Abigail Parris were the first to be afflicted. Actual symptoms consisted of violent physical tantrums. Rebecca Nurse was hung on July 19th , John Proctor on August 19th, and Martha Corey on September 22nd. Tituba brought stories of voodoo and other supernatural events from Barbados. This alone compelled the girls to take part in harmless fortune-telling. Mrs. Parris was alive during the incident and died in 1696, four years after the incident. The Parris family consisted of Mr. and Mrs. Parris, Betty, Thomas, and Susannah, Abigail was only â€Å"kinfolk†. After the trials Betty was sent away. Tituba was acutally an Indian woman who had a husband named John and a daughter Violet. She was also tortured for a long time before she confessed. John was actually 60 and a tavern keeper. Elizabeth was is 3rd wife. John had a daughter that was 15, a son that is 17, and another son that is 33 from a previous marriage. Mary Warren was 20. The adultery between Abigail and John is unlikely to occur as they lived far from each other and Abigail never worked for them. Rebecca Nurse was considered least likely to be a witch- she was seen as saint-like. The Nurses were not extremely respected because they owed money. Martha Corey was accused of witchcraft and didn't enter a plea. He was pressed with stones in an attempt to force him to plea either was, but he refused. In The Crucible, Tituba was accused of leading 6 girls into the forest to cast spells and charms by a wild dancing ritual. Ruth Putnam was the first girl to be afflicted. The only symptom of bewitchment was not being able to woke from a deep slumber. John Proctor, Rebecca Nurse, and Martha Corey were all hung on the same day. Mrs. Parris has been dead for years and the family consisted of Betty. Mr. Parris, Abigail, and Tituba. Betty was present for the trials. Tituba was a single and didn't have a family as a slave. Tituba confessed quickly. John Proctor is young and is a farmer. Elizabeth is his only wife. John Proctor only has 2 young sons. Marry Warren was 17. John and Abigail committed adultery. Abigail worked for the Proctor before Mary. The daughter's named Ruth Putnam. Ruth was the only child of 8 the survive. Both of the Nurses were deeply respected and revered. Giles Corey was executed for refusing to reveal the name of a witness. But, none of this really occurred during the Salem Witch Trials. In my opinion, The Crucible reflected a lot of what happened during the Salem witch trials, but I feel like Arthur Miller exaggerated the historical facts. Miller changed the people's lives. I think he intentionally changed the story like that to make it more interesting, but he changed it just a little to much.

Racial Segregation in “Brownies”

Segregation in â€Å"Brownies† The short story â€Å"Brownies† written by ZZ (Zuwena) Parker, takes place at Camp Crescendo, a summer camp for girl scouts. The story is primarily about the journey of fourth grade girls scouts from different schools, who are known as The Brownies. Each Brownie Troop is categorized by their different ethnicities. The story is told in the perspective of Laurel, an African American girl who is known to the girls in her Brownie troop as ‘Snot. ’ On the first day of camp the Brownie girls stumble upon a troop of white girls and claim one of their members had address them with a racial slur.Deeply offended by their own assumption, they plan on teaching the other girls, Brownie Troop 909, a lesson. As a result, the next day the Brownie troop picks a fight with every girl within Brownie Troop 909, not knowing that those girls are delayed learners. The central theme of the story â€Å"Brownies† is segregation and how it affect s the mind and actions of the younger people. In the short story, racial segregation began from the misuse term â€Å"Caucasian† at Laurel’s school, Woodrow Wilson Elementary School. The school is located in the South suburbs of Atlanta, Georgia, where there are very few whites who lives there in the East coast.In fact, there is only one white student who is enrolled at Woodrow Wilson Elementary School; a boy name Dennis. Based on the history of the time and location â€Å"Brownies† was written in many people had little interaction with Caucasians, in this case, the students at Laurel’s elementary school. The troop and their classmates saw â€Å"Whites [as] baby pigeons: real and existing, but rarely seen or thought about† (Parker 179). With the comparison made between baby pigeons and white people, this illustrates that the Brownie girls never experience being around white people as much.For this reason, the children did not know the meaning of th e term â€Å"Caucasian† or how the term is used correctly in a sentence. Thus, the children made fun of the word and used it in a jokingly manner by teasing each other. For example, from time to time the students would call one another â€Å"Caucasian† for the way their classmates acted and the way they were dressed. Weeks before the camping trip Arnetta, one of the Brownie girls, teased: A boy [for] wearing impossibly high-ankled floodwater jeans and said, ‘What are you? Caucasian? ’ The word took off from there, and soon everything was Caucasian.If you ate too fast you ate like a Caucasian, if you ate too slow you ate like a Caucasian. (Parker 179) With the term â€Å"Caucasian† constantly being used as a joke throughout the school, Dennis the only white kid in school joins in the act of making fun of the phrase, not knowing that it is about his own race. Racism continues when the Brownie Troop arrive at their camping destination. Still on the bus , the black girls Brownie troop judges the white girls Brownie Troop 909 for their different skin complexion and what they had brought along the camping trip.At this point in the story the girls could care less of who the white girls are and where they have come from. Z. Z. (Zuwena) Parker starts off her story with a criticism narrated by ‘Snot’, the least respected girl in the black girls Brownie troop: Troop 909 was doomed from the first day of camp; they were white girls, their complexions a blend of ice cream: strawberry, vanilla. They turtle out from their bus in pairs, their rolled-up sleeping bags chromatized with Disney characters: Sleeping Beauty, Snow White, Mickey Mouse: or the generic ones cheap parents bought: washed-out rainbows, unicorns, curly-eyelashed frogs. 177) The quote is said to give a sense of labeling and singling out of troop 909, possibly out of jealousness. The Brownie Troop mainly joked among themselves about the white girls Brownie troop on their differences in ethnicity, skin tones, and how spoil each are by their parents. By the way ‘Snot’ listed what troop 909 had brought along their camping trip; it may be assumed that ‘Snot’ Brownie troops were envious of them. At another point of the short story, they even compared hair length and texture of each other.The black Brownie troop racial acts continue when Arnetta made a false rumor about troop 909. Arnetta had convinced her gullible troop members that one of the white girls had called one of their troops by the name â€Å"nigger†. Arnetta, who is known to be a leader-like to her Brownie troop for her tone of voice when she speak, was so insulted by her own rumor that she told her girls, â€Å"We can’t let them get away with calling us niggers. I say we teach them a lesson† (Parker 181). This quote sets them up the main conflict of the story.It was the beginning of the revenge the black girls Brownie troop plotted on the white girls Brownie troop 909. At the end of the short story, the black girls Brownie troop become conscious that they have made false assumptions on the other troop when the leader of troop 909 revealed to them that her girls have learning disabilities. The Brownie 909 troop leader had revealed that her â€Å"‘girls are not retarded. They are delayed learners†¦ from the Decatur Children’s Academy. Many of them just have special needs’†(Parker 190).Few of the girls in the white girls Brownie troop are echolalic. Echolalic is a learning disorder, which comes from a psychological term echolalia. When a person is diagnosed with echolalia, the individual tends to unintentionally repeats what they have heard from another person whether it is a bad or made-up word(s) or phrase(s). The black girls Brownie troop turn themselves to the victimizer when they accused Troop 909 for calling them a â€Å"nigger†. To an extent, Z. Z. Parker’s short sto ry â€Å"Brownies† central theme of segregation is relevant to today’s society.Though segregation is still present in today’s world, it is not the same as it was years ago when it was a severe matter. Compared to segregation back in history, where most people die fighting for their rights, individuals today mostly fight verbally through petitions and marches. One of the most common segregation disputes in the United States today is gay marriages being legalized. It is said that homosexual marriage is wrong because it ruin the meaning of â€Å"marriage†. For decades, marriage has always been between a man and a woman.In addition, homosexual marriage imposes its acceptance on all society and religion such as Christianity. Though some parts of the United States still disapprove of gay marriages, they cannot stop two individuals from loving each other. Overall, Segregation still exists in the world and will always exist, whether it is on race and or gender. W orks Cited Parker, Zuwena. â€Å"Brownies. † /Back Literature. /4th Ed. Eds. V. J. Kennedy, Dana Gioia. Boston:Pearson, 2012. 177-194. Print.

Conoco phillips Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Conoco phillips - Essay Example Furthermore the company is vertically integrated and is actively engaged in operations from upstream (oil exploration and production) to downstream (oil refining and marketing). From its vast operations base ConocoPhillips has seen its revenues steadily increase over the past few years as shown in Figure 1 below: The energy industry – in particular oil – has been experiencing slow growth which has led to intense competition among the existing companies. Also, due to its capital intensive nature and the limited options of converting existing equipment to other use implies that even where a company is facing difficult times, there are high exit barriers to overcome. Probably the only viable alternative for companies in this industry is to merge or acquire others so as to derive economies of scale. Nevertheless, in spite of the intense competitive rivalry, ConocoPhillips and its competitors are in an industry with minimal threat of new entrants to either its upstream business – which requires huge investment in equipment, research and technology, and strategic sites – or its downstream business – that requires huge investment in distribution, logistics and marketing. The fact that the major players (ConocoPhillips, ExxonMobil and BP) are vertically integrated increases the barriers to entry further. Another great advantage of the vertical integration to these three major players is that it gives them great bargaining power over both their suppliers and buyers. However, the latter may be significantly better placed than the former in the sense that oil is now considered a commodity. This means that oil products from BP or ConocoPhillips of ExxonMobil do not significantly differ thus the buyer has some leverage to seek lower prices and better contract terms (â€Å"The Industry Handbook: The Oil Services Industry†). Finally, although renewable energy sources have

Critically evaluate the legal options and administrative processes Essay

Critically evaluate the legal options and administrative processes that could be used to reduce the impact that environmental noise can have on the health and - Essay Example Burns (1973) affirmed this viewpoint. He believed that an individual’s performance in their workplace is reduced drastically because they have an inability to concentrate. Consequently, such persons develop psychological stress which is manifested by frequent outbursts and dissatisfaction. The Department of Environment (1994) explain how sleep disturbances are mainly felt at night rather than during the day. Porter et al (2000) demonstrated the relationship between awakenings and noise from aircrafts. Berglund et al (2000) deduced that frequent use of sleeping pills and higher mental hospital admissions could originate from high levels of noise. Research by Meister and Donatelle (2000) explained how people who are exposed to aircraft noise have higher chances of heart disease and other physical health conditions. The Dutch Environmental Consultants (2007) did a survey in Europe and found that 50% of European residents are subjected to noise from the transport sector. The group provided links between traffic noise and residents’ health. Over 200,000 cases of heart diseases are as a result of exposure to transport noise and a quarter of these cases result in death. (The Dutch Environmental Consultants, 2007) There is also a lot of money spent on health services due to transport noise. It reached the tune of 40 Billion euros per year. (The Dutch Environmental Consultants, 2007) HUD (2004) realised that the type of construction equipment adversely affect the level of annoyance felt by nearby residents; some equipments and appliances were too noisy. At the same time, it is also possible to cause noise through the type of techniques used in design of buildings. Neighbours get affected by noise from their counterparts when construction material used for the house has low acoustic designs. MORI (2003) found that approximately thirty percent of all residents in London consider noise emitted by their neighbours a nuisance. Furthermore, houses with poor