Creativity and Innovation essay part 4Essay Writing Service

Creativity and Innovation essay part 4Essay Writing Service Creativity and Innovation essay part 4 Creativity and Innovation essay part 4Creativity and Innovation essay part 3First, experts in relevant fields must be needed. Since the ideas are often with high technology and applied in specific field. If the ideas are aimed to create something new and sometimes even bring comprehensive cross-industry, the knowledge domain of experts must be clear. Second, the individual difference affects the judging (Caroff Maud, 2008). Pursuing customer’ the biggest satisfaction is the goal of the company and customers are the end user of the products, so customer experience has a decisive influence in the success or failure of the product. It is necessary to choose a few loyal users to evaluate the idea of research and development. The experts are related with RD and customers are related with the market. Third, communication mechanism between assessment team and innovation team is important during the assessment process. The explanation of problems is sometimes not simple and direct, g ood communication will help.  Ã¢â‚¬Å"ALUS†, SWOT analysis, Pro’s and Con’s of the idea, plus minus interesting all can be used to assess ideas. And they have a series of criteria in common. The evaluation on six aspects is mainly considered, including technical aspect, production aspect, market aspect, management aspect, policy aspect and the economic aspect.For the technical aspect: whether difficult and not mature technology is used in the process from the research and development process. Because technology can make the product difficult to produce no matter how much better the idea is. For the production aspect: since the research and development is always separate, viable products in the laboratory may not be feasible in the workshop. The laboratory produces the conceptual model, which cannot be used in practice, but the workshop produces the product model, which can be used in practice. For the market aspect: the final product will all be received by the market, the market has an automatic screening mechanism of the products and the screening criteria are quality, feature, price and so on. Also, there are many competitors in the market, the comparison with competitors’ product is necessary, and it is about the positioning of the new product. For the management aspect: the whole management and decision about the innovation is on the manager. Senior managers who have the corresponding knowledge system can more likely make the right decision. For the policy aspect: to get knowledge about the governments policy of related or similar products, and how the policy will affect the product production and earnings and so on. These are all needed to be considered. For the economic aspect: whether the whole social economic operation is in good condition, whether the market has enough capacity to consume enough products that make the company take back the investment and get profit.After the feasibility analysis period, a few ideas will re main in the ideas pool. And after the next period, only the really good idea is remain. In such a way, idea pools will help to resolve possible problems that may arise in the course of the development of the new product, APP. The company should use the feasibility analysis to test whether the idea and vision of the new product is plausible or not. Only after the affirmative conclusion of such analysis, the company should start the en mass production of the new application.The assessment of ideas feasibility is mainly from the qualitative angle, is subjective judgment based on the reality. In the last stage of the idea selection, using the quantitative analysis methods, such as NPV, ROI to select the best idea. The prediction for the costs and benefits is needed using quantitative analysis and it requires good ability of market analysis for the company.ConclusionIn such a way, the development of the new product depends on the idea factory consistently. The development and introductio n of the new product should start with and be grounded on the idea factory. The idea factory is the milestone of the development and introduction of the new product. First of all, the development of the new product should start with brainstorming in terms of the idea factory to generate ideas concerning possible products the company can create. After that the company identifies the most prospective ones. The choice of the new product should involve the short-term and long-term prospects of the development and introduction of the new product. In fact, the new product can be introduced successfully with the help of the idea factory. The idea factory helps shape the vision of the new application and suggest possible recommendations on the implementation of the new product and its further marketing. The marketing of the new product should also involve the use of the idea factory. Therefore, the idea factory comprises the core of the development and introduction of the new product. At th is point, it is worth mentioning the fact that the new product can be successful only when the idea factory conducts the detailed analysis of the business environment, the potential of the product and other important factors that may affect the quality and effectiveness of the new product.

What do you need to become a good architect

What do you need to become a good architect Hashtag: #architectureMW What Do You Need to Become a Good Architect? The recent architectural competition at the British Museum revealed over 130 stunning architectural design and structures from around the world. One of them is the reconstructed Chicago Stock Exchange Trading Room (left image). The architecture according to German architect Ludwig Mies van der Rohe is the self-conscious act of building with artistry. For this reason, the architect must be knowledgeable of not one but many branches of study and continually learning from theory and actual practice theory. Primarily, an aspiring architect needs a college education and strong focus on art, drawing, and design. He or she may also engage in non-academic activities such as exploration of the built environment, visit architecture firms and schools, and if possible obtain an internship with established architecture firm or get involved in design-related organizations such as a museum. After-school programs can also help an aspiring architect know more about his or her future profession. Good architects have more than passion and patience. They continuously build at whatever scale to enhance their understanding of design and assemblies. Moreover, they often seek opportunities where they can best use their education and talents and fulfill their aspiration to grow. However, since the profession and the role of architect according to study are changing, a good architect often approach his work from this perspective. More interesting information here: Twelve Angry Men: Democracy with Its Flaws Is the Use of Animals for Research Purposes Justified? Art Essay Writing Guide Should You Believe Every Word in an Infomercial? Developing Students Creativity Changes and Trend in Architectural Education Architecture nowadays is gradually becoming a purely design-oriented profession. It is according to literature is reverting back to its traditional â€Å"Master Builder† role as director of shape, form, and organizer of society that operate within the built environment. Choosing a school that can satisfy your interest in design, urban planning, sustainability, and preservation is an important step. Take all relevant classes that can give you adequate knowledge and skills in freehand drawing, painting, sculpture, arts and crafts, sculpture, and furniture design. Moreover, since architect role in today’s practice changed from someone remote from building activity to designers that offer complete building design and construction services, architectural schools are now offering construction studios and classes for building works for architects who want to maintain parity with other professionals. In the United States, continuing education and professional development of architects are mandatory. This is because architects are professionals that affect the health, safety, and welfare of the public or HSW. Unfortunately, such mandate was largely overlooked in traditional architecture education and therefore resulted in licensure and liability issues. For instance, many architects avoid designing condominium because such building type demands knowledge of HSW. In light of these educational needs, architecture schools with urban planning classes include additional housing type specialization classes to cover government’s HSW requirements. Building construction technology is another area that made today’s architectural practice difficult. New building systems in large building types for instance demand general knowledge of the system thus many architects hire qualified consultants for evaluation and solutions. Another challenge for architects is the rapid developments in building materials and construction methods. For instance, architect often fails to specify compelling new product or finish, provide cost considerations, lea times, and so on because of they do not have enough knowledge about new products. Consequently, many architects according to study used the Internet to educated themselves about new products and building types, modern project delivery methods and fast-tracked construction scheduling, and take control of the entire design and construction process.

Appointing vs. Electing Judges to the Supreme Court Essay

Appointing vs. Electing Judges to the Supreme Court - Essay Example Supreme Court Justices should be appointed and not elected despite arguments against the practice. Supreme Court Justices are appointed by the President and approved by the Senate. This view is not approved by all of the American public. Some see it as just a game between the President and Senate. The president â€Å"shall nominate, and by and with the Advice and Consent of the Senate, shall appoint" various high-level executive and judicial officers† which includes Supreme Court Justices (Amar and Amar). It could be speculated that the President and Senate make and approves appointments for personal reasons such as individual politics. For example, conservatives appoint conservatives, like Bush’s appointment of Clarence Thomas. Another argument is too much power comes to the nine Supreme Court Justices, since these judges are not elected. Bork suggests â€Å"The nations of the West are increasingly governed not by law or elected representatives, but by unelected, unrepresentative, unaccountable committees of lawyers applying no law other than their own will† (13). Many major decisions have been made by nine Justices. An example would be when the Supreme Court ordered schools to be desegregated. This decision still affects children today. For years students were bussed from one end of the town to another just to integrate schools on the Supreme Court Justices’ ruling. The appointments of Supreme Court Justices are a vote of the people, even though they are not direct elections. The President and Senate are both elected by the people. This allows the people a voice, but in a narrower way. The safeguard is once the Justice has their appointment, the President or Senate no longer has any power over them. Founding Fathers of the United States put this checks and balance system into place. â€Å"Presidents and Senators are free to base their decisions on the likely voting patterns of nominees, but may not extract pledges or promises†

Contemporary Developments in Employment Relations Coursework

Contemporary Developments in Employment Relations - Coursework Example Labour demand on the other hand, consists of the employers who have a need for work to be done, and who offer compensation for this work to employees who undertake it (ONS 2014). In normal market operations, the market wage in this case would be determined by the intersection between labour demand and labour supply or the equilibrium. However, the government intervenes to control wages thus setting minimum wages below which they are not legally acceptable. The employed are those who are actively engaged in work and comprised 72.7% of the labour force in March 2014 while the unemployed are those not actively engaged in work but are willing and able to work and are actively engaged in search for a job and are of the required age and the unemployment rate for the same period was 6.8% (ONS, 2014). By December 2013, there were 5.5 million people working in the public sector comprising 18.2% of those in employment representing a fall of 159, 000million workers between September and Decembe r 2013. The top three employers included National Health Services (NHS), education and public administration. In order to function properly, the labour market needs to be regulated and this is done through the employment law. These regulations include: national minimum wage; working time; maternity/paternity leave; health and safety; race and/or sex discrimination; information and consultation but for the sake of this paper we will discuss the national minimum wage and working time. According to the Organization of Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) rankings, the UK has the least regulated labour market just next to U.S and Canada. However, the industry is more regulated than in the 1960s when collective employment rights ad use of trade unions in bargaining terms and conditions was the norm. Employment contracts were unheard of, working time was deregulated, minimum wage restricted to a limited number of

Globalization and advancement in technology Essay Example for Free

Globalization and advancement in technology Essay Globalization and advancement in technology has resulted in the governments taking a back seat as regards shaping the destiny of its people. The increased capacities of individuals do not seem to provide any point of refuge. The most difficult thing from this situation is the fact that the new political agenda being championed for the millennium is not well documented for. The book China and Globalization presents an in-depth analysis of the political, economic and social transformations that the Chinese society and state went through over the past thirty years. The author argues that the rise of China throughout this period has been propelled through the dynamic geopolitical environment as a result of community building efforts that enhance economic cooperation CITATION Gut09 l 1033 (Guthrie, 2009). A Brief History of Neoliberalism by David Harvey aims to find out the goals of neoliberalism and presents a useful explanation on why neoliberal policies do not always follow neoliberal theory. Harvey simply considers this new form of political economy as a means through which the global economic elite reconstitutes the high class power CITATION Har05 l 1033 (Harvey, 2005). He states that elite power often takes precedence in the event of a conflict with the contemporary neoliberalism economic principles. Harvey’s book is a powerful tool for analyzing the accumulation by deficiency concept. Doug emphasizes that this has been the foundation to the facilitation and eventual institutionalization of China’s economic integration. This argument is quite a challenge of David Harvey’s neo liberal argument that the rises of neo liberal economies like the United States and capitalist China is the cornerstone of an intended project to restore the noble power. According to Doug, the rise of Chinese revolution is â€Å"the result of methodical and careful government policies† (p 8). The fundamental element basis of Doug’s argument lies in her view that the successful revolution of China was because it was gradual and was led by the state. She states that China’s propagation of bilateral PTA’s is a â€Å"necessary intermediate step toward a seamless integration into a pan regional framework† (Guthrie p.15). This argument, though quite an optimistic and bold claim by Doug Guthrie is in contrast to David Harvey who argues that the propag ation of bilateral PTAs is an emasculation to region building in Asia. David Harvey’s sanguine view is that most bilateral PTAs are merely destabilizing to regional cooperation owing to the fact that most bilateral PTAs are strategically or politically driven. The Chinese government led by Deng Xiaoping introduced reforms that allowed the actors of the economy to master the rules of capitalism rather than making assumptions and withdrawing perceptions based on intuitions CITATION Gut09 l 1033 (Guthrie, 2009). Incentives were stimulated by granting autonomy to the local government. Currently, foreign investors in China deal with provincial bureaucracy and build long term alliances rather than the central government. Guthrie points out that the crucial underlying mechanisms that boosted a much freer Chinese environment were the autonomy of individuals at the workplaces and the depletion of monitoring capacity of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP). Individuals no longer had to de pend on their superiors or work units despite the fact that there was a major rise in corruption among local officials. The results of such reforms were the evolution of an independent middle class that was economically secure. High rewards were offered to holders of foreign language skills and university degrees and the access to female education increased. Guthrie advocates for China to engage strongly with the United States in order to acquire grander external motivation as a way to overcome domestic hindrances. However, her assertion that a futurist state can better engineer changes from socialism raises questions as to whether or not developing countries can only grow by enforcing autocratic policies CITATION Gut09 l 1033 (Guthrie, 2009). David Harvey argues that while neoliberal economies may boast of allowing the free market to take its course, government intervention and regulation only comes into place when it is beneficial to economic elites. Thus from a neoliberal perspective, environmental and labor regulations by the government always lead to inefficiency by distorting free market price mechanisms CITATION Har05 l 1033 (Harvey, 2005). In his opinion, the main aim of neoliberalism was not wealth increase but wealth redistribution and uses statistics to explain this phenomenon. Harvey’s argument is supported by the decrease of real wages in the poorer sectors of neoliberal economies like the United States and the massive wealth increases of the economic elite. In his view, Harvey refers to this type of wealth distribution as accumulation by dispossession and goes on to state that this is how neoliberalism has managed to redistribute wealth and considers it a transition to the onset of capitalism. Among th e main aspects of this one sided wealth redistribution are monetization, privatization, state redistributions, commodification and the management by manipulation of crises. Harvey presents a brief history of neoliberalism where he point out that before its existence the political economy was dominated by embedded liberalism which was a form of capitalism. His assumption of neoliberalism is that it is quite extremist in its operation and if unchecked will be unruly because of socialism failure to develop a reliable model. The pretense by socialism as a means of management of the state and its people without any form of intervention of market forces results in social destruction CITATION Har05 l 1033 (Harvey, 2005). He is attached to this political tradition of democratic capitalism. His view is that of economic restructuring for the development of the people in general. To this effect, Harvey fails to understand why the way of doing things in neoliberal economies is more prominent across the globe even though they embrace democratic capitalism. The push and pull between the two ideologies of Guthrie and Harvey could be attributed to economic growth witnessed across the globe in this period. Harvey asserts in his writing that neoliberalism to some extent does not meet up its expectations by the people. The win by embedded neoliberalism according to him was not a stable environment to create a socially stable environment. Both authors present vague points at some point. Doug Guthrie believes that China is taking baby steps to becoming a capitalist nation and therefore the way to remain economically viable is through slow transition from a command to market economy. Guthrie in totality misses the whole idea that democracy and growth in newly industrialized countries have an inverse relationship. David Harvey on the other hand fails to clearly highlight the main economic policies of neoliberalism. From the review of the different aspects of the books by Harvey and Guthrie, it is indeed difficult to exactly point a celebration o f the past century with the misery related to the so many ideologies that have not been successful in the long run. The books depict a situation of melancholy with the authors coming to terms so late in agreeing with the disadvantages related to these ideologies and their lack of appreciation of the one ideology that has revealed the aspirations of human and has been able to change to the different circumstances of life as it is. References   Guthrie, D. (2009). China and Globalization: The Social, Economic and Political Transformation of Chinese Society. New York: Taylor Francis. Harvey, D. (2005). A Brief History of Neoliberalism. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Source document

F. Scott Fitzgeralds The Great Gatsby :: essays research papers

The Value of Jay Gatsby Jay Gatsby, who is one of the main characters of the Great Gatsby, is a man with a mysterious background and an unknown personality. He doesn't mention too much about his past except certain fabricated highlights of his life which were designed to impress others. The strange and humorous thing is that he carries articles of evidence that back up most of his lies to prove that he isn't lying. Gatsby is also the kind of man that is used to getting what he wants no matter what the consequences are, causing him to be a very determined man that once has an idea in his mind won't let it go until he accomplishes it. The things that Jay Gatsby values the most is money, to impress others and gain acceptance and most of all, having things his own way. In a manner, these are some of the characteristics of the American Dream and what people strive for when they come to America. Gatsby is a man that is out to impress others and he tries dearly to gain acceptance from others but he is not always successful at this. This is clearly shown when he hosts these immense parties that he creates to impress others but to mostly lure in Daisy so that he can meet her again and finally show off his social status to her. But before this could happen, Nick, Gatsby's new neighbor and cousin of Daisy, meets Nick. As they began to talk, Gatsby starts to discuss portions of his past to Nick and he seems the need to shows proof to back up his claims. For example when Nick was with Gatsby in his car heading toward New York, Gatsby boasts how he had gone to Oxford University and how he had been promoted to major and was given a momento from Montenegro. What was odd was that he had evidence to back up both of these claims. From his pocket he pulled out 'a souvenir of Oxford days. It was taken in Trinity Quad…'; 'It was a photograph of a half a dozen men in blazers loafing in an archway through which were visible a host of spires.'; (71) And then again he reached into his pocket and pulled out his war momento,'To my astonishment the thing had an authentic look.'; (71) showing that he was obviously trying to impress t Nick and prove himself correct so that he could fit in and look like a man with a normal past. F. Scott Fitzgerald's The Great Gatsby :: essays research papers The Value of Jay Gatsby Jay Gatsby, who is one of the main characters of the Great Gatsby, is a man with a mysterious background and an unknown personality. He doesn't mention too much about his past except certain fabricated highlights of his life which were designed to impress others. The strange and humorous thing is that he carries articles of evidence that back up most of his lies to prove that he isn't lying. Gatsby is also the kind of man that is used to getting what he wants no matter what the consequences are, causing him to be a very determined man that once has an idea in his mind won't let it go until he accomplishes it. The things that Jay Gatsby values the most is money, to impress others and gain acceptance and most of all, having things his own way. In a manner, these are some of the characteristics of the American Dream and what people strive for when they come to America. Gatsby is a man that is out to impress others and he tries dearly to gain acceptance from others but he is not always successful at this. This is clearly shown when he hosts these immense parties that he creates to impress others but to mostly lure in Daisy so that he can meet her again and finally show off his social status to her. But before this could happen, Nick, Gatsby's new neighbor and cousin of Daisy, meets Nick. As they began to talk, Gatsby starts to discuss portions of his past to Nick and he seems the need to shows proof to back up his claims. For example when Nick was with Gatsby in his car heading toward New York, Gatsby boasts how he had gone to Oxford University and how he had been promoted to major and was given a momento from Montenegro. What was odd was that he had evidence to back up both of these claims. From his pocket he pulled out 'a souvenir of Oxford days. It was taken in Trinity Quad…'; 'It was a photograph of a half a dozen men in blazers loafing in an archway through which were visible a host of spires.'; (71) And then again he reached into his pocket and pulled out his war momento,'To my astonishment the thing had an authentic look.'; (71) showing that he was obviously trying to impress t Nick and prove himself correct so that he could fit in and look like a man with a normal past.

Perception Toward Commit Suicide Among Utar Students Essay

Abstract This research is about the â€Å"Perception toward commit suicide among UTAR students†. We want to understand how the UTAR students think about suicide with carry different opinion from different races and gender. We will distribute 100 sheets of the questionnaire to UTAR students based on their races and gender. In this assignment, we will distribute 50 sheets of survey question to male students and 50 sheets for female students. In this questionnaire we also ask about UTAR student’s opinion which is â€Å"does suicide makes soreness disappear†? Most of the students answer no, because they think commit suicide cannot help them solve the problem, it just a way to deny from the problem. So they should think positively and find the solution because all problem have their own solution, just see how we view the issues. If we try to commit suicide it just make some trouble to our family because they will to face the society, maybe your neighbor will talk bad word abou t your family. Chapter 1: Introduction 1.1 Literature Review After our searching for whole week, we had found at least 5 academic journals with online source from not only Malaysia, but in other country in Asia too. From these journals and report, we able to have more understanding on suicide rate among several countries in Asia and Malaysia, the pattern, or the frequently used method, and even some of the reason for suicide. Two of the journals published by same organization, which is National Suicide Registry Malaysia, are about the research on Malaysia. One of them is explaining objective and the data collection method for research in NSRM, while another journal explain about what they found, example like stated out the high risk group, and the factor cause suicide, based on the data they collect so far. Another journal we found is not provided by NSRM, but also related to Malaysia. In this research, they concentrate about the race suicide method, and age group of suicide victim, this provide us helpful information that able us to see a mor e clear picture about suicide in Malaysia. Other two journals is talking about the research in other countries of Asia, one of them is a research conducted by World health Organization in 2008 regarding the suicide case among countries, while another is a old research that had conduct a similar research, which also the 48 countries, published by University of North Carolina Press in 1965. According to one of the journal we found (Quinney, 1965) even though there was no research conducted in Malaysia that time, but still, it enables us to know that a country economic development level will also affect the suicide rate. The other journals, which we found, had found a similar age group that has high frequency to suicide compared to other age group. The high risk group of suicide is 20-30, which is young adult stage (Hayati & Khairul, 2008; Nadesan, 1999; Hendin et al., 2008). These were also two journals, which is research on Malaysia, found out that the most common method people use to suicide is hanging, poisoning and jumping from height (Hayati & Khairul, 2008, Nadesan, 1999). The method of jumping off from height and by poisoning themselves cases had been increased, meanwhile hanging themselves has been decreased compared to two decade ago (Hayati & Khairul, 2008). In order to know more about suicide case in Malaysia, it was necessary to do more research within Malaysia for the factor of suicide, since we cannot deny the fact that media influence nowadays has slowly become one of the most influencing factor that increased suicide, example poisoning case had increased since Indian movie had introduced the way of suicide by consuming seed kernel of yellow oleander plant (Nadesan, 1999). 1.2 Research Question Our purpose of conducting this research is have a better understanding in study 2 main category group of UTAR students towards suicide cases. We decided to focus in both gender and 3 main races and others. We would like to look into Gender differences as our first research question by setting the question â€Å"What are the perceptions in gender differences towards suicide cases in Malaysia?† due to the reason that different gender will have different perception on that particular cases and will able to get more opinion and feedback. Besides, we also choose to concentrate in Races which including Chinese, Malay, Indians and others. â€Å"What are the opinions of difference races towards suicide cases in Malaysia?† will be our second research question. In this question we would like to find out all the different perception from different races due to culture issue or family background issue to view on suicide cases. Chapter 2: Method 2.1 Respondent In this research, our population is on UTAR student’s and we will choose 100 student’s as our sample. From the 100 student’s we will divide into 2 part which are the gender and the races because we are using the stratified sampling method. The definition of stratified samping method is we will dividing the population into groups according to some characteristic (Allan,2009,p.12), for example we will distribute the questionnaire equally to the student’s which is 50 male student’s and 50 female student’s, from the gender we will divide it into difference races. We plan to distribute 50 questionnaire to Chinese student’s, 30 questionnaire to Indian student’s, 10 questionnaire to Malay student’s and other races student’s. After that from the races we will divide it into 2 part which is the gender. 2.2 Apparatus We will use survey question to collect our data because it is the simple instrument to help us gain some data, we create the question by ourselves which is after having group discussion. In this questionnaire, it contain 10 question which incude 9 opended question and 1 closed ended question. We forming the question based on the 4 type of measurement which are norminal, ordinal, interval and ratio(Allan, 2009, p. 7-8). In this survey question it contain 1 ratio question, 4 norminal questions, 3 interval questions and 2 ordinal questions. 2.3 Procedure Activities| Week (duration)| The tutor briefly discuss about how to do the assignment and APA format.| Week 1| We start to form a group which is 5 people in the group. We discuss a topic which we interested in and finally we plan to do a topic which is â€Å"The Perception among UTAR Student’s toward Suicide†. We also distribute some task among the group members and find some journals that are related with the topic.| Week 2| In week 3, we discuss again among the group members and start to create a questionnaire that is related with our topic. After discussing, we plan to create 10 questions which include open ended and closed ended question.| Week 3| After that, we type the questionnaire and consult with the tutor and let her checks whether the questions are reliable to use or not. At the same time, we also give her check the journal whether it can be used or not. On the consultation time, she guides and teaches us how to complete this assignment.| Week 4| In week 5, after the tutor agrees with our questionnaire, then we start to print 100 sheet of survey question and distribute it to the UTAR students based on our sample.| Week 5| This week is our critical period which we have to collect all the data and interpret it. We also have to summarize all the data and create a graph to show that we done the entire task.| Week 6| Finally, this week is coming and we should hang in our assignment. Luckily we can do it on time. Chapter 3: Results Question 1: Which gender is the highest possibility to commit suicide? Most of the male respondents think that man is common in commit suicide, while most of the female respondents think that woman is common in commit suicide. According to the bar graph, the Chinese and Malay respondents think that woman has the highest tendency to commit suicide; while vice versa for the Indian and other races respondents who think that man has the higher tendency to commit suicide. Question 2: Which is the majority races involve in suicide? The pie charts above show that for male respondents, Chinese has the highest chance to involve in suicide and is followed by Indian. The UTAR male students think that just 10% of Malay will commit suicide and 0% for other races. However, in female respondents’ opinion, they think that 52% of Chinese will involve in suicide cases and is followed by Indian which is 40%. Lastly, only 8% of female students think that Malay will involve in commit suicide and 0% for other races. From this 2 pie chart we can conclude that most of the students think that Chinese is the highest chances to involve in this case. The bar graph above shows that most of the UTAR students think that Chinese is the majority race that involved in suicide. Indian is the second highest chance to involve in suicide cases and is followed by the Malay. No students choose for the others races because there is only a small population of other races compared to the three major races in Malaysia, so they are not easily involved in suicide cases. Majority of the UTAR Chinese student’s think that Chinese are easily to involve in suicide because they think that Chinese are afraid to lose, so they scared to share their problem with their family members or their friends even though when they faced any problem. Question 3: Which shows the most common range of age in commit suicide in Malaysia? Both male and female respondents think that age range between 17 and 21 has the highest tendency to commit suicide, followed by 22-26, 27-31, and then other age range which will be above 31. Age range between 12 and 16 has the lowest vote from male respondents but none from female respondents. Age range between 17 and 21 has the highest vote from the Chinese and Indian respondents, followed by the age range of 22-26 and 27-31. Age ranges of 17-21, 22-26 and 27-31 get the equal votes from other races. The age range between 27-31 get the highest votes while 22-26 get the lowest votes among the Malay respondents. Others age ranges which are above 31 got the same votes from Chinese and Indian respondents only, but no vote for the age range between 12-16. Question 4: In which condition will caused people have the intension to commit suicide in Malaysia? Based on the pie charts above, we can conclude that most of the UTAR students will give their idea on people who tend to suicide are due to the relationship issue with a percentage of 34% of male student and 42% of the female student. Besides, it can also clearly show that people do not put the blame on the mass media factor. According to the report of Hayati and Kamarul from National Suicide Registry Malaysia (NSRM) (2008), they stated all the young male adults will tend to commit suicide due to the reason of being stressed up with the transition to adult roles and relationship issues. It is also the timing in a higher risk of getting mental disorder, or easily access to alcohol and drugs to overcome their current issue. As the lowest possibility to the influences toward commit suicide is mass media where may be down to the reason that people may tend to learn from the drama or movie with related to suicide cases. The bar graph above shows that, all the races do agree with the point of view that most of the people who commit suicide are because of relationship issue. Current flow that showing a very obvious example of committing suicide caused by relationship issue which is the case of Alviss Kong. Before he commits suicide, he leaved the last message stated that his failure in love relationship with his girlfriend. He felt that he had nothing else to give him motivation to continue to stay alive. Most of the suicidal that because of relationship issue will tend to look in their relationship as a very important factor to stay alive. In another point of view for all the suicide among seniors in suggested risk factors such as including unemployment, isolation, poor health, pain, depression, alcoholism, low self-esteem, feeling rejected a history of mental illness, and previous suicide attempts (NSRM, 2008). As a result, most of the late middle-age people will face the financial problem due to unemployment and lack of self confidence. Question 5: Generally how Malaysian commits suicide? In this question, we ask the participants to rank the method of commit suicide from the most frequently used to the most rarely used based on their opinions.   First, we will look for the data by different opinion between both genders. According to the data we collect, both genders, which are male and female, got the same opinion that the Malaysians will always use jumping from height to suicide, then followed by wrist cutting. The participants from both genders also ranked that self-immolation is the most rarely method use in suicide in Malaysia. Then we collect the data and divide it based on the races. We found out that, in most participants, no matter what race they are, also think that jumping from height is the most frequently used method to suicide in Malaysia. Many of Chinese participants chose to believe that the second frequently used method to suicide is by overdose on medicine, which is a totally different from other race, which they think this method is rare method among Malaysian. Except for Indian participant, other race think that the self immolation method still is the rarest method that used in Malaysia. Most of the participant, regarding of their race and gender, also think that jumping from height is the most common used method to suicide in Malaysia. From our searching, we found out that the jumping from height method is the second frequently used method besides hanging (National Suicide Registry Malaysia, 2007). This maybe is because the media influence, which the newspaper always got report or news that people suicide and died, for example Alviss Kong case which the method he used is exactly jumping from height, this somehow influence participant got deep impression in it. Chinese participants mostly chose the taking of overdose on medicine is the second frequently used method for suicide in Malaysia, which we interpret that is because the Chinese normally will try the most relaxing or less painful way to suicide when compared to other races. Question 6: How to prevent people from commit suicide in Malaysia? Based on the chart, the highest respond comes towards the best way to prevent from commit suicide is share a problem with friends. 42 people support towards share a problem with a friend as the best way to prevent from commit suicide. It includes 15 males and 27 females. The second highest way rank to 40 people who sound off that meet a counselor is the best way. 23 males and 17 females give a respond towards it. The least response agreed with mass media is 7 people which are 5 males and 2 females. Based from the graph, we can conclude that, the races that support the most towards the way by meeting a counselor as the best way to prevent from commit suicide is Chinese and Indians. Both showing 15 peoples and followed by Malay and others with the same value or amount of people that is 5 people. Most of the Chinese support towards share a problem with a friends as the best way to prevents from commit suicide and followed by Indian who more to meet a counselor as the best way. It show 50% of them support towards it. Less people supported that mass media is the best way to prevent commit suicide. It shows the range of 4 Chinese, 2 Indians, 4 Malays and 1 from other races. Question 7: Do you think euthanasia is considered as commit suicide? The pie chart above show that, 40% of the male students and 24% of female students think that euthanasia is considered as commit suicide. However, 60% of male students and 76% of female students think that euthanasia is not considered as commit suicide. From this pie chart, we can say that most of the students do not agree that euthanasia is considered as commit suicide. It is because they think euthanasia is ways to help those patients that are suffer from the pain to feel relief. The graph shows that most of the UTAR students from different races think that euthanasia is not considered as commit suicide. The graph also shows that just few of the students think that euthanasia is considered as commit suicide. There have 16 Chinese students, 9 Indian students, 4 Malay students and 7 other races students think that euthanasia is considered as commit suicide. Chapter 4: Discussion The findings on this topic are based on the genders and the races among adolescents and adults in Malaysia. The surveys done among UTAR students show that woman has the highest probability among gender while Chinese has the highest risks among races in exposure to commit suicide, while age range between 17-26 has higher rate compared to others. The conditions that caused people have the intensity to commit suicide are mostly related to the relationship issue and financial problem and the common ways used to commit suicide are jumping from the height and wrist cutting. The ways that suggested by the respondents are to share their problems with friends or family, and refer to psychiatrist or counselor. Most of the participants do not think that euthanasia is considered as commit suicide. They also agreed that people who commit suicide have low Emotional Quotient (EQ) and agreed that most of the suicidal who want to commit suicide are because of feeling helpless or hopeless. Most of the results show similarities to our research except for the gender, races and age in which we found out that most of the research showed that man (gender) and Indian (races) have the highest tendency to commit suicide. And some research also showed that middle-aged and elderly persons have the high suicide rate. (Hayati & Kamarul, 2008) The problems that we faced during the research are mostly due to the time and cost. The time for us to do the research is too short because of the holidays, and some of the group members who came from STPM background have not expose to the introduction to psychology, the style of APA citation and the method to do an assignment. Hence, a lot of effort and time are used by the group members to understand the APA style and the way of doing assignment. Besides, we also faced the problems on transportation and the places of each members currently staying as some of the members stayed at different areas. The printing of the survey forms and the assignment cost a lot for students as they are not working and might be causing a burden for them especially for those that are from poor family. The other problem that we faced during the research is some of the participants may not serious when they were filling the survey form, fear to tell the truth, or do not have enough information about the t opic caused us could not get accurate results. One of the suggestion from the group members is the time to hand up the assignment can be delay until the end of the week (Friday) so that the members have enough time to gather around to discuss and make a summary together as the members can only meet at the campus to make discussion. Another suggestion is students should be exposed to the introduction to psychology and APA format for the Year One Semester One students as they are still new and do not have much information to this field. Besides that, two sets of questionnaire can be printed into one piece of A4 paper and cut into half. This method is not can save the cost, but also can reduce the number of paper used. Lastly, the students should be informed and advised to take the survey seriously as their opinions are very important and can affect the results of the survey. References Allan, G. (2009). Elementary statistics. McGraw-Hill Higher Education Chris, G. (n.d). Age, gender, and suicide: A cross-national analysis, 553-574. Retrieved February 12, 2011, from JSTOR online database Hayati and Aziz, (2008). National Suicide Registry Malaysia: preliminary report July-December 2007, 1-27. Retrieved February 7, 2011, from National Suicide Registry Malaysia (NSRM) Hayati and Kamarul, (2008). National Suicide Registry Malaysia, 50-54. Retrieved February 7, 2011, from National Suicide Registry Malaysia (NSRM) Murad, M. (2005). Suicide prevention and developing countries, 459-463. Retrieved February 8, 2011, from Journal of the royal society of medicine Quinney, (1963). Suicide, Homicide and economic development, 401-406. Retrieved February 12, 2011, from JSTOR online database

Pepsi vs Coke

ABSTRACT Soft drinks are playing the vital role in the market and the companies are also getting the good profits on these products. The soft drinks industry has originated in 1772. Now these drinks spread all over the world and the millions of bottles is consumed every day. Now this business is a global one and the companies are facing high competition in this business and they are changing their strategies according to the situations. Pearl Beverages Pvt. Ltd. Takes a great care to maintain quality control of products in their factory. The bottles are visually examined for impurities continuously, as the bottles move out.Samples are checked every ten minutes of production time by the chemist for its quality and hygienic condition. The chemical analysis is also flavours, gas contain and sugar percentage. The appearance, smell and taste of the production are suspended and the correcting measures are taken also as to sent right the bottling process. The main objective of the study is to find out the strength and weakness of the Pepsi in visakhapatnam zone when compared to the Coca-cola, that is mainly in the three places in Srikakulam district i. e. Srikakulam, Narasannapeta, and Amadalavalasa .Consulting almost all the outlets in these three areas, which are selling the soft drinks with a structured questionnaire, has done the study. The data has been collected and analyzed and interpreted by the help of the graphical representation technique. The analysis revels the various strengths and weaknesses of Pepsi in these areas along with the position of competitors. The most of the consumers preferred soft drinks because of better taste and to quench out their thrust. But now days, due to the changing food habits consumers have started adding the soft drinks in their food habits.The total sales of the soft drinks the Pepsi’s share is more but when compared with the Cock the number of outlets are less than Cock. Finally it can be concluded that the industry n eeds lot of channel management activities to do along with various promotional strategies for the customers. I wish the company got its objectives achieved CONTENTS Chapter NoTitle Page No 1. INTRODUCTION & DESIGN OF THE STUDY 1. 1 About the Marketing topic 1. 2 Need of the Study 1. 3 Hypothesis 1. Objective of the Study 1. 5 Research Methodology 1. 6 Limitations of the Study 1. 7 Chapter Plan of the Study 2. ORGANIZATION PROFILE 2. 1 Genesis and Growth 2. 2 Organization Structure 2. 3 Production Function 2. 4 HR Function 2. 5 Finance Function 2. 6 Marketing Function 2. 7 Future Plans 3. THEORITICAL FRAMEWORK 3. 1 Introduction 3. 2 Topic Coverage 3. 3 How it relates to Marketing Management 3. 4 Measuring Performance 4.DATA ANALYSIS & INTERPRETATION 5. SUMMARY & SUGGESTIONS 5. 1 Summary 5. 2 Major findings 5. 3 Suggestions 5. 4 Implications for Owners / Managers 5. 5 conclusions 5. 6 Scope for the Future research 6. BIBLIOGRAPHY & QUESTIONNAIRE 6. 1 Bibliography 6. 2 Questionnaire CH APTER-1 Introduction & Design of the Study 1. 1 INTRODUCTION In this chapter various accepts of study are going to be discussed. To which area of management that study belongs to and various concepts that are related the area of study.The present outcomes under marketing and deals in the specific with the distribution network and its management. PEPSI COLA was in India from 1956-61 and left the country, as its products were not acceptable by the Indian customers. But recently in 1990 it re-entered the Indian market, where by PEPSI FOODS LIMITED was entered into a joint venture with PEPSI INTERNATIONAL, TATA and VOLTAS. PEPSI Bottlers and Producers of soft drinks buy concentrate and sell at fixed price and add a margin rationally for its products. 1. 2 NEED OF THE STUDY In modern days, market plays a vital role in rapidly changing industrial scenario.The marketing decline is under going reappraisal in the light of vast goals, technological, economic and social changes being faced by the today companies. The order to known the changes in the field of marketing it are necessary to conduct market survey. Study is conducted considering the following accepts: Firstly, visage is a representative of soft drink market which is highly promoting with a lot of potential which is at to be tapped. Secondly the behavior of the retailer is very much influenced by the additional benefits he is getting for selling the products having.Thirdly to understand the market condition of the soft drinks in the present scenario and the competition level in the market. Considered the key role of the retailer in present day market as an attempt was made to study the impact of company’s schemes of offering coolers to the retailers. 1. 3 SCOPE OF THE STUDY There is lot of scope for the further study in the project. Further study can be done in the following ways. ? We can make a study on Pepsi and Cock companies’ efficiency in their promotion activities. ? The same study can be conducted in other areas under bottling unit to generalize the finding for entire area under it. There is chance to know whether the Pepsi and Cock are doing the right thing regarding the sales promotion, product quality, discounts and advertising. ? A study on impact of visit coolers sales of Pepsi also be taken up. 1. 4 OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY In view of intensifying competition in soft drink market, it is imperative that a brand keeps a constant, which on them market and response properly and promptly to the dynamics of the market. It is in view of this fact has the present study has been taken up for â€Å"PEPSI†. ? To know and compare the merchandising of Pepsi and Cock in retail outlets. To know the promotional activities of sales promotion, advertising and public relations. ? To know the strategy of Pepsi and its competitors regarding the Marketing Mix. ? To know the problems of retailers regarding the trade schemes and consumer offers. ? To identify the retailers opin ion towards Pepsi products. ? To know the problems of retailers and to offer the suggestion for improving in sales. 1. 5 METHODOLOGY Introduction: In this chapter, basically the methodology, by which the report has been prepared, is explained. The exact need for conducting the study and total design of framework of the report prepared is discussed.The limitations of the study are also discussed here. According to the survey beverages can be classified into two segments. The first segment can be done basing on the milk content, like milk based products like tea, coffee, flavoured milk, and health drinks (milk, malt and coco) and the second segment can be done on non-milk products such as soft drinks and mineral water. According to the survey conducted on the consumption of beverages, Tea comprises 90%, filtered coffee 4%, beverages 2%, instant coffee 2% and carbonated soft drinks just above 1% of total consumption. Soft drinks industry is a well known consumer product industry.It ori ginated in the year 1772. In the USA first bottled soda was manufactured, by inventing a machine in 1809, the manufacturing of carbonated soft drink was recorded in the history of soft drink industry. Now a days soft drink industry is growing very extensively and millions of people are consuming soft drinks everyday. Age, income, and climate are not at all a barrier for the consuming soft drinks by the people. This is the reason for the tremendous growth in soft drink market. Data which is required for the analysis and fulfillment of our objectives has been collected from two sources.They are 1. Primary sources 2. Secondary sources PRIMARY DATA: Primary data is collected from the retailers through a structured questionnaire. It includes the first hand information from the outlets. It can view as a survey. The questionnaire was especially designed to find out the market share of the soft drinks and problems and weakness of Pepsi in that particular area. The chapter deals with main an alysis part of the study and the dealer outlets covered in the study is ? Srikakulam ? Narasannapeta ? Amadalavalasa SECONDARY DATASecondary sources include the information collected from the annual reports, published and unpublished records of the company . various books and journals and internet also being used for collecting the relevant data After gathering the data from those two sources the data was analyzed, tabulated and interpreted and finally suggestions were offered for the betterment of the company. DATA ANALYZING TOOLS: After gathering the data from the Primary and secondary sources the data was analyzed ,tabulated and interpretations were written down with the help of graphs and charts , with the help of Microsoft Excel and Microsoft Word. . 6 LIMITATIONS OF THE STUDY The present study is subject to the following limitations: ? The sample size is not universal , some part of other cities remained uncovered ? Unavailability of some information due of lack of awareness o f retailers ? Time and expenses were major constraints ? The study of the soft drink industry which is known to be seasonally fluctuating on e percent study does not take into account seasonal fluctuations. The results may not suit for all the seasons ? Personal basis may be existing as the dealer of varied nature elicits the information Chapter-2 Company overview 2. INTRODUCTION In this chapter, an over of all the major accepts related to the study is discussed. The total industry profiles the soft drinks industry globally and in our country. The profile of the company with respect to its operation number of franchises, market share of the company and many other factors would be discussed here. 2. 2 INDUSTRY PROFILE Non alcoholic soft drink beverage market can be divided into fruit drink and soft drink. Soft drinks can be further divided into carbonated and non carbonated drinks. Colas, lemon and oranges are carbonated drinks while mango drinks come under non-carbonated drinks.Cola , lemon and oranges are carbonated drinks while mango dinks comes under non-carbonated category. The soft drinks market till early 1990’s was in hands of domestic players like Coke, Thumps Up, Limca etc. but with the opening up of economy and coming of MNC players Pepsi and Cock the market has totally under their control. Worldwide, Cock is the leader in carbonated drinks market. In India it is Pepsi, which scores over cock but this difference is fast decreasing. Pepsi entered Indian market in 1991. Cock re-entered (after they were thrown out in 1977, by then central government) in 1993.Pepsi has been targeting the youth and the sales have been doing well by sticking to this youth segment. Cock on the other hand struggled initially in establishing itself in the market. In a span of 7 years of its operations in the country it changed its CEO four times they seem to have started understanding the pulse of Indian consumers. Soft drinks are available in glass bottles, aluminum ca ns and PET bottles for home consumption. Fountains also dispense thin in disposable containers. SEGMENTATION: The soft drink market can be segmented on the basis of place of consumption and on the basis of type of products.The segmentation on the basis of place of consumption divides the market into three parts: 1. on-permise-80% of the consumption of soft drinks is on premise i. e. restaurants, railway stations, cinemas etc, 2. At-home the rest 20% of the market compromise of the soft drink purchased for consumption at home. The market can also be segmented on the basis of types of products into Cola products and non-cola products. 1. cola products account nearly 62% of the total soft drinks market. The brands that fall in this category are Pepsi, cola, Thumps Up, Diet Pepsi etc. 2. on-cola segment, which constitutes 36%, cam be divide into 4 categories based on the type of flavour available, namely ? Orange ? Cloudy lime ? Clear lime ? Mango I. Orange flavour based soft drinks con stitutes around 17% of the market. The segment is largely dominated by national brands like Fanta of Coca-cola Co. and Mirinda Orange of Pepsi Co. rest of the market is in hands of smaller brands like Crush (earlier Cadbury Schweppes and now of Coca Cola), Gold Spot etc. II. Cloudy Lime flavour constitutes 14% of the market and is largely dominated by Limca of Coca Cola and Miranda Lemon of Pepsi Co. III.Clear Lime this segment of the market witnessed good growth initially with all; the players launching their brands in the segment. But now the growth in the segment has slowed down. The brands available in this segment are 7 Up , Mountain dew of Pepsi, Sprite of Coca-Cola and Canada Dry( earlier of Cadbury Schweppes and now of Coca Cola). The segment constitutes 3% of the total soft drinks market. IV. Mango flavour segment constitutes 2% of the total soft drinks market and it directly competes with mango based fruit drinks like Fruity. The leading brands in this segment are: Maaza o f Coca Cola and Slice of Pepsi.There is very thin line of difference between the clear and cloudy lime. The most obvious feature is that clear lime has to be bottled in green bottles as sunlight harms the drink and changes the taste. There are some small local brands at city or regional levels. Most of these are either merging with two big players (Coca Cola and Pepsi) or they command a very small –less than 3% of the total market in their respective areas. Soft Drink Production Area: The market preference is highly regional based, while Cola drinks have main market in metro cities and northern states of U. P, Punjab, Haryana, etc†¦Orange flavoured drinks are popular in southern states. Sodas too are sold largely in southern states besides the Bars. Western markets have preference towards mango-flavoured drinks. Growth Promotional Activities in Soft Drink Industry: The government has adopted liberalized for the soft drinks trade to give the industry a boost and promote t he Indian brand internationally. Although the import and manufacture of international brands like Pepsi and Cock is enhanced in India the local brands being stabilized by advertisements, good quality and low cost. Buying Behavior in Soft Drink Industry: Soft drinks come under the category of products on impulse. This attitude of impulse buying is slowly changing to occasion-led buying and also to some extent consumption through home refrigeration particularly in urban areas. ? The market is slowly moving from non alcoholic carbonated drinks to fruit based drinks and also to plain bottled water due to lower price and ready availability. ? Consumers purchase soft drinks primarily quench thirst therefore people traveling and not having access to hygienic water reach out for soft drink. This accounts for a large part of the sales. Brand awareness plays a crucial rule in purchase decisions. ? Availability in the chilled from also plays a crucial role in purchase decisions. This has made both the companies to push its sales and to increase its retail distribution by offering Visi cooler to retailers. ? Why there is no aversion to consumption of soft drinks buys any age group, the main consumer of this market are people in the age group of 30 and below. ? Product differentiation is very low, as all the products taste the same. But brand loyalty is high in the case of kids and people in the age group of 20-30 years. According to NCAER survey, lower, lower-middle, upper-middle class people do 91% of the total consumption of soft drinks in the country. Growth promotional activities in soft drink industry: The government has adopted liberalization for the soft drink trade to give industry a boost and promote the Indian Brand internationally. Although the import and manufacture of international brands like Pepsi and Coke is enhanced in India . The local brands are being stabilized by advertisements, good quality and low cost. Buying Behavior of soft drink industry: †¢ Soft drinks come under the category of products on impulse.This attitude of impulse buying is slowly changing to occasion-led buying and also to some extent consumption through home refrigeration particularly in urban areas. †¢ The market is slowly moving from alcoholic carbonated drinks to fruit based drinks and also plain bottled water due to lower price and ready availability. †¢ Consumers purchase soft drinks particularly to quench thirst and therefore on travel not having access to hygienic water reaches out for soft drinks. †¢ Brand awareness plays a vital role in purchase decisions. †¢ Availability in the chilled form also plays a crucial role in purchase decisions.This has made both the companies to push its sales and to increase its retail distribution by offering Visi coolers to retailers †¢ Why is there no aversion to consumption of soft drinks to any age group, the main consumers of this market are people in the age group of 30 and below. †¢ Product differentiation is very low, as all the products taste the same. But brand loyalty is high in the case of kids and people in the age group of 20-30 years †¢ According to NCAER survey, lower, lower-middle ands upper-middle class people do 91% of the total consumption of soft drinks in the country.Major Players in Soft drinks Industries The two global majors Pepsi and Coca Cola dominate the soft drink market in India. Coca Coal, which would up its operations during the introduction of the FERA regime, reentered India 16 years later in 1993. Coca Cola acquired a major chunk of soft drink market by buying out local brands Thumps up, Limca, Maaza and Gold spot from Pearl beverages, Coca Cola has also acquired Cadbury Schweppes soft drink brands Crush, Canada Dry and Sport Cola in early 1999 and now recently in Oct. 2008 . It acquires distribution rights of these brands from IFB Agro Ltd .Pepsi stated a couple of years before Coca Cola manufactures came up with their own m arket share figures and claimed to have increased their share. Shares Reports On Retailers In Soft Dink Industry: A Survey was conducted to study the retailer’s view of the present market, future trend and the consumer behavior patterns. The findings of the survey are as follows. †¢ Retailers started that the consumers are loyal to the particular segment of the soft drink i. e. Coca Cola, Orange or Lemon. But as for the loyalty for the brands in each segment is concerned, it is not very significant. 43% of the retailers surveyed told that in the soft drink industry advertising is the key component, it drives sales. While 32% stated promotional schemes and 20%brand loyalty as the reason. †¢ As consumers are not very brand loyal where the purchase of the soft drink purchase is concerned, the retailer purchase becomes a critical issue. They usually sell the product in which they get maximum benefit. For this, the companies try to offer them higher margins. While distri butors get the margin of Rs 8-9 per crate (1 crate is equal to 24 bottles) at 3-4% of MRP, retailers are given margin of 10-12 % of MRP.The retailers are not happy with this, as the cost of refrigeration very high for soft drinks to overcome this problem the companies are offering Visi coolers schemes to their main retailers 2. 3 ORGANIZATION PROFILE PEPSI COMPANY MISSION STATEMENT: Pepsi Company’s over all missions is to increase the value of their share holder’s investment. they believe that their commercial success depends up on offering quality and value to their consumers and providing products that are safe, whole some and economically efficient and environmentally sound. Providing a fair return to their investors, while adhering to the highest standards of integrity.HISTORY OF PEPSI AND COCA COLA COMPANY: Pepsi Co Inc. was founded by Donald M. Kendall, President and chief executive officer of Pepsi –Cola and Herman W. Lay, Chairman& Chief executive of FRI TO-LAY through the merger of two companies in the year 1965. MAJOR PRODUCTS OF THE NEW COMPANIES ARE: †¢ Pepsi-Cola company Pepsi-Cola(formulate in 1898) †¢ Diet Pepsi(1964) †¢ Mountain Dew (introduced by T. P corporation 1984) †¢ Frito-Lay Inc brand chips Lays brand potato chips †¢ Cheetos brand chew flavoured snacks †¢ Ruffles brand potato chips & Rold Gold brand pretzels Pepsi Company Inc. s among the most successful consumer products company in the world with: 1998 revenues of over $22 billion &1, 51,000 employees. Pepsi company’s brand names are among the best known & most respected in the world . Some of the Pepsi Company’s brand names are 100 years old. FRITO-LAY Company is the world’s largest manufacturer and distributor of snack chip and Tropicana products Inc. is the world’s largest marketer and producer of branded juices. Pepsi Company’s success is the result of †¢ Superior Products. †¢ High Stands of Performances †¢ Distinctive Competitive strategies. †¢ High integrity of its work force PEPSI-COLA COMPANY:Calets Bradham, New Beru and Mc. Druggist who first formulated Pepsi coal founded Pepsi Company’s beverage business at the turn of the century. Brand Pepsi and other Pepsi-cola products including Diet Pepsi one, Mountain Dew, Slice and mug brands account for nearly 1/3 rd of the total soft drink in United States. Outside U. S Pepsi Cola Company’s soft operations include the business of 7up international. Pepsi-cola beverages are available in about 170 countries. Key Pepsi-cola international market includes Argentina, Brazil, china, India, Mexico, Philippines, Saudi Arabia, Spain, Thailand, and the United Kingdom.Pepsi-cola provides advertising, marketing sales and promotion support to the Pepsi-cola bottles. New advertising and existing promotions keep Pepsi-cola young. The company manufacture and sales of the soft drinks are concentrated to the Peps i-cola bottles. †¢ In 1996, Pepsi entered Japan and Eastern Europe. †¢ In 1967, PepsiCo. Stock splits two-for one. In 1986, North America van lines (NAVL), a premier transportation company Pepsi co, and renamed a strong contribution to the Pepsi unit it has divided in 1984. In 1969 in bold modern Pepsi cola packing which was using red, white and blue were introduced.FRITO-LAY introduced fungus brand onion flavoured snacks. In 1970 Pepsi introduces the industry’s first two litter bottles. Pepsi is the first company to respond to consumer preference with light weight, recyclable, plastic bottles. In 1971 Andral E. Pearson was appointed as president of PepsiCo, a position he held until his retirement in 1984. in 1972 don Kendall announced agreement making Pepsi cola the first foreign product sold in U. S. S. R. Pepsi co is given exclusive rights to import Stolichnaya Russian vodka in the U. S.In 1973 and 1974 Pepsi-cola became the first American consumer product to pro duce made and sold in former Soviet Union. In 1975 Pepsi Lite, with destructive lemon taste, is introduced as an alternative to traditional diet colas. In 1976 PepsiCo adopts code of worldwide business conduct. Pepsi-cola became the single largest selling soft drink brands sold in U. S super markets. In 1977 PepsiCo shares spilt up three for one. In 1987 and 1979 the opening of PepsiCo research and technological center in Vallah N. Y PepsiCo reached 85 billion marks in sales. Pepsi was formed to focus on the overseas development of restaurants.In 1981 PepsiCo fitness center was completed, making PepsiCo, one of the most advanced companies in the area of employee’s health and fitness. In 1982 Pepsi free and diet Pepsi free, the first major brands caffeine free colas were introduced. Inauguration of the first Pepsi cola operations in china: In 1983 The Bottler Hall of Fame was established to recognize the achievement and dedication of international bottlers. In 1984 diet Pepsi is reformulated with 100% neutral sweet, slice and diet slice. The first major soft drinks sirucsare added in Mexico.The cola were takes â€Å"one giant spilt for mankind† when a Pepsi â€Å"space can† is successfully tested a brand the span shuttle. 1986 Pepsi company board of directors visit the peoples public of china to make the opening the Pepsi second plant in china. In 1989, Pepsi Company introduce share power stock option program for all employees becoming the first large corporation tool award stock options through virtually all full time employees. In the 1900, Pepsi company was recognized as one of the most admired corporation by the fortune magazine’s top 10 for the two successive years.Pepsi signs the largest commercial trade agreement in history with the Soviet Union expecting sales in the USSR to double by the end of the century. Pepsi re-entered the Indian market in collaboration with Punjab Agro industries Corporation (PAIC). In 1991 Pepsi compa ny named one of the fortune magazine’s top most admired corporations, for the third year in also. Pepsi co. purchased an equity position in the carts of Coloreds Inc. the leading manufacturer and marketer of mobile merchandising equipment. It was sold in 1955. 1993 Pepsi Cola began the distribution of Lipton’s line of ready to drinks teas nationwide. n 1996 Pepsi started its website WWW. Pepsi. com SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY OF PEPSICOLA COMPANY: As a consumer products company, Pepsi Company does not have the major environmental problems of heavy industry. Their biggest environment challenge is packaging generated by their products. Packaging is important to public and a critical component of the distribution system is to deliver products to consumers and commercial establishment. To meet both consumer demand and safe guard the environment, they recycle, re-use and reduce packaging wherever possible.Each business is also committed to responsible use of resources required in manufacturing their products. LOGOS OF THE COMPANY [pic] 2. 4 ABOUT PEPSI INDIA COMPANY Franchise (pearl Bottling Pvt. Ltd. ,) Often new flavours are to be added to the product line of cool drinks to prevent a competitor. To establish a relation with retailers it is desirable to sell more than one flavor of cool drinks. To decrease the security seasonal products are added to the resources available so as to lessen its risks. Pepsi has given the franchise of Visakhapatnam region to Pearl Beverages which belongs to Pearl Group with Head quarters at Delhi and Mr.C. K. Jaipuria as the chairman and the Managing Director of the group. Pepsi Foods Ltd. , declared Krishna Mohan Beverages and Constructions as franchise, in 1992. Last year it was changed to Pearl Beverages was taken by the Pearl Group. Campa-cola Soft Drinks has originally owned the premises since 1980 at Madhurawada. After the insolvency of campa-cola, KMBC purchased the premises in1990 in the auction by APSFC. Initially, i t used to produce Mc. Dowell’s soda and Bagpiper soda. It produced these drinks under franchise agreements but company could not exist in the market due to stiff competition from pearl products.Description and Launch of products |Brand name |Flavour |Date | |Pepsi |Cola |April-1992 | |Mirinda |Orange |April-1992 | |7 Up |Clear Lemon |April-1992 | |Mirinda Lime |Cloudy Lemon |April-1992 | |Soda |Soda |April-1992 | Pepsi |Pepsi Dite |7 Up |Mirinda(o) |Mirinda(L) |Slice |Evervess soda | |Coca-cola |Cock Dite |Sprite |Fanta |Limca |Maaza |Kinleys | Pepsi market share: Pepsi : 47% Coca-cola : 53% Pepsi foods (Pvt. ) Ltd. Pepsi cola was in India from 1956 to 1961. it left this country, as its products were not found acceptable to the Indian market. Pepsi foods Ltd. Joint venture between Pepsi Co. nternational of US(which is holding 40% of the equity)and Tata concerns Voltas and the Punjab Ago industries Corporation (each of which have as round 25% of the equity),has 25%of its outpu t reserved for beverages with a 50% export commitment fo9r fruit and vegetable products. According to Pepsi officials the project guarantees that for every American dollar the company takes out of India, it will bring five back. They started concentrated factory in Punjab. This company named as Pepsi Foods Ltd. Pepsi Co. international’s direct investments in India so far amounts to Rs. 65 corer. Two thirds of this however has gone into food processing. Pepsi foods are exporting fruits and vegetables to UK etc. The Pepsi’s foods processing unit directly supervised 1,200 hectors under tomato cultivation covering 183 villages and 319 farmers. The company’s technical inputs enabled the farmer to achieve a yield of 35 to 50 tones a hector against the average of was after discontinuing teems. KMBC Pvt. Ltd. Has was the bottle for five districts Vizag, Vizianagaram, Srikakulam, and East Godavari & West Godavari.It receives the stock from Cuttack. PRODUCT PROFILE The Pe psi Co. is known for the development and introduction of world-class brands & products. Their portfolio is organized into three core business, which consists of snacks, Beverages and Restaurants. Pepsi products are constantly changing themselves to develop new products. They encourage consumer to explore their wide range of brands. Main objectives: The objectives of the company set out in memorandum of association and franchise agreements are as follows: ?To manufacturing soft drinks by concentrating supplied by Pepsi Foods. ? To market and advertise within specified areas for Pepsi products. ? To sell soft drinks at fixed prices. financial structure: To start and operate business, any company has to invest its capital in fixed assets and floating assets and also in meeting the daily requirements of the company. However, depending on the nature of business and product being offered by the company, the ratio of investment of capital in fixed and floating assets differ. Working Capita l:It means capital required for daily management of the company eg. Wages, salaries, canteen expenses and transportation expenses etc Plant layout: the machine and equipment have been imported from Germany, which are arranged in the plant according to the sequence of operation. All the operations are carried on a continuous movement. The reasons for choosing the product layout are: 1. There is continuous supply of material. 2. The brands are all standardized products. 3. The demand for the product brands is reasonable stable. 4.The volume of production is adequate for the reasonable utilization of equipment. Since the company follows continuous operation movement, the cost of material handling goes low. The total floor space required by the machine is less than other types of plant layouts. Plant Capacity: The company installed latest up to date automatic plant conforming to plant layout. The installed production capacity is 400 bottles per minutes i. e. 24,000 bottles per day. The plant also is having 100 bottles per 1-leter line. During off-season the plant runs one shift.The company has to produce enough bottles of soft drinks at a speed to keep in space with the disappearance of soft drinks form shelves of the retailer. Production Schedule: The production schedule is fixed by taking into consideration. ? The present or current market demand. ? The availability of empty bottles. ? The inventory position filled bottles of different flavors. The production schedule for each brand is fixed daily, filling the bottles of each branded flavors. This has an advantage in manufacturing the branded product is one at a time. Quality control Pearl Beverages Pvt.Ltd. takes great care to maintain the quality control of the products in their factory. The Bottles are visually examined for impurities continuously, as the bottles move out. Samples are checked every ten minutes of production time by the chemist for its quality and hygiene condition. The chemical analysis is al so made for flavors, gas content and sugar percentages. The appearance, smell and taste of the products are also checked. If any defects are noticed, the production is suspended and the correcting measures are taken so as to set right the bottling process irregularities.Further, samples from each batch are dispatched to the affiliated parent agency company in each week for quality checkup. Moreover, agency of the company also lifts sample form the market at the random for quality checkup at any time to make sure that the quality is maintained to the exact standard of the parent company. At the end of the production schedule, daily all the equipment floor and wet patches are cleaned with bleaching powder or some other solution. The standards of hygiene maintained inside the production shops are commendable. Organization Structure and management:The word organization has two common meanings. The meaning signifies an institution or function as group and the second meaning refers to the process of organizing the way of work which is arranged and allocated among members often organization so that the goal of the organization can be achieved efficiently. The organizing involves balancing the companies. Needs both for stability on one hand and change on the other hand, an organization structure means adopting a change or it can be a source of resistance to change. There are mainly five elements of organization structure. ? Specialization of activities. Standardization of activities. ? Coordination of activities. ? Centralization and decentralization of deviation making. ? Size of the work unit. The M. D, Mr. Ruchirans Jaipuria is athe head of the organization and administration. The company is managed by able director, and is assisted by a team of well-qualified & experience senior management personnel. LIST OF THE EMPLOYEES IN PEARL BOTTELIGN COMPANY The following table shows the description of employees along with designation & no. of employees: |S. No |Description |No. f employees | |1 |GENERAL MANAGER (FINANCE) |1 | |2 |COMMERCIAL MANAGER |1 | |3 |MARKETING DEVELOPMENT MANAGER |1 | |4 |VICE PRESIDENT |1 | |5 |TERRITORY DEVELOPMENT MANAGER |4 | |6 |ACCOUNTS DEVELOPMENT MANAGER |1 | |7 |TRAINING MANAGER |1 | |8 |ADMINISTRATIVE MANAGER |1 | |9 |MARKET EQUIPMENT MANAGER |1 | |10 |PRODUCTION MANAGER |1 | |11 |ASST.PERSONAL MANAGER |1 | |12 |STORE EXECUTIVES |3 | |13 |CUSTOMER CENTRAL EXECUTIVE |25 | |14 |TERRITORY C0-ORDINATOR |1 | |15 |ROUTE AGENT |50 | |16 |SALES TRAINEE |1 | |17 |CHEMIST |3 |18 |ACCOUNTANTS |5 | |19 |SUPERVISOR |8 | |20 |CLERKS |8 | |21 |OPERATORS |10 | |22 |ELECTRICIANS |10 | |23 |FITTERS |3 | |24 |COMPUTER CUM TELEPHONE OPERATORS |12 | |25 |SECURITY OFFICER |1 | |26 |SECURITY GUARDS |6 | |27 |OFFICE BOYS |13 | |28 |SWEEPERS & HELPERS |3 | CHAPTER-3 Theoretical Framework 3. 1 INTRODUCTION The main part of the report i. e. Analysis part is covered in this chapter. I did survey in 300 outlets in 3 various areas. After conducting the survey I interpreted the total collected information using a structured questionnaire. The required information is derived from that interpretation and analysis. This analysis part contains tables and pie charts. We can come to a conclusion from the final information from this chapter. Because of that reason this chapter is very important in the entire study of the project. Without this interpretation we can conclude the total survey and also can not understand the position of any company and the opinion of the customers regarding the company. 3. 2 DETAILS OF THE AREA SURVEY CONDUCTED Details of the survey conducted: The total data collected in three areas in Srikakulam district of total of 300 retail outlets.They are given below: |CLUSTER |SAMPLE SIZE |AREA | |Cluster-1 |130 |Srikakulam | |Cluster-2 |90 |Amadalavalasa | |Cluster-3 |80 |Narasannapeta | I started my survey first at Srikakulam on 4/02/09 and my study completed on 18/02/09 with Amadalavalasa. I pe rsonally went to every outlet and asked the total details of which are in the questionnaire and filled those things. Some of the retailers denied giving the details and I waited there with patience and collected all the data. In my survey I learned a lot and collected the useful information and also got good experience in the market field and came to know many things which are not in our books through this survey.I almost covered all the retail outlets which are situated in these areas and collected the correct information. 3. 3 INTERPRETATION OF THE SURVEY [TABLES AND GRAPHS] 1. Pepsi & Cock Brands Available In Various Markets: |S. No |Market |Pepsi |Cock | |1. |Srikakulam |5 |6 | |2. |Amadalavalasa |5 |5 | |3. |Narasannapeta |5 |7 | [pic] Average Pepsi & Cock brands Available in the market: Brands |No of Types | |Pepsi |5 | |Coca-Cola |6 | INTERPRETATION: In my survey of 300 retail outlets in 3 areas, I found 5 brands of Pepsi out of its 10 brands and 6 Brands of Coke is availa ble out of its 10 Brands on average. So the brand availability of Coke is more when compared to Pepsi.Top brands Available in Srikakulam Market: |S. No |Brands |Percentage | |1. |Slice |46 | |2. |Mirinda |24 | |3. |Sprite |20 | |4. |Limca |10 | [pic] Top Four Brands Available In Amadalavalasa Market: |S.No |Brands |Percentage | |1 |Mirinda |46 | |2 |7 Up |24 | |3 |Sprite |17 | |4 |Thumps Up |13 | [pic] Top Four Brands Available In Narasannapeta Market: |S.No |Brands |Percentage | |1 |Mirinda |42 | |2 |Sprite |26 | |3 |7 Up |18 | |4 |Slice |14 | 2. No of Bottles Sold Per Day in Various Markets: | |Srikakulam |Amadalavalasa |Narasannapeta | |Pepsi |52 |45 |42 | |Coke |44 |35 |50 | pic] 3. No of Bottles sold per Day: |Brands |No of Types | |Pepsi |45 | |Coke |55 | INTERPRETATION: In my survey of 300 outlets in three areas I found Pepsi is occupying 55% and the Coke is occupying 44% in the total market in average.From this we can understand that the Pepsi sales are more when co mpared to Coke. 4. Service required to the retail outlets: |S. No |Market |Daily |Alternative Days |Weekly Twice | |1 |Srikakulam |63 |25 |12 | |2 |Amadalavalasa |49 |27 |24 | |3 |Narasannapeta |55 |36 |9 | Service Required in Average: Types of Services |Average Service Required from the Companies | |Daily |55 | |Alternative Days |30 | |Weekly Twice |15 | [pic] INTERPRETATION: In my observation of 300 outlets in three areas I found that 55% of the retailers want the daily service, 30% retailers want Alternative Days and the remaining 15% of the retailers want the service weekly twice. 5.Satisfaction of Pepsi Service |S. No |Market |Good |Satisfactory |Bad | |1 |Srikakulam |60 |40 |0 | |2 |Amadalavalasa |65 |30 |5 | |3 |Narasannapeta |70 |28 |2 | Satisfaction of Coke Service |S.N0 |Market |Good |Satisfaction |Bad | |1 |Srikakulam |45 |50 |5 | |2 |Amadalavalasa |40 |55 |5 | |3 |Narasannapeta |45 |50 |5 | Service Satisfaction of Pepsi and Coke in Average: |Brand |Good Satisfaction |Ba d | |Pepsi |65 |33 |2 | |Coke |43 |52 |5 | INTERPRETATION: INTERPRETATION: In my survey of 300 outlets I found that 65% of the retailers expressed good in case of Pepsi and 43% incase of Coke. 33% in the case of Pepsi and 52% in case of Coke expressed satisfactory and finally remaining retailers expressed bad to the service of the companies. 6. Trade Schemes by Both Companies in Various Markets |S.No |Market |Pepsi |Coke | |1 |Srikakulam |41 |59 | |2 |Amadalavalasa |49 |51 | |3 |Narasannapeta |41 |59 | Trade Schemes by Both Companies in Average Brands |Trade Schemes | |Pepsi |44 | |Coke |56 | INTERPRETATION: By observing the above pie chart we can understand that 56% of the traders expressed their happiness towards the schemes of the Coca-Cola and the remaining 44% traders expressed their happiness towards Pepsi company in case of their trade schemes. 7.Consumer Promotions offered by both Companies |S. No |Market |Pepsi |Coke | |1 |Srikakulam |61 |39 | |2 |Amadalavalasa |57 |43 | |3 |Narasannapeta |60 |40 | Consumer Promotions offered in Average Brand |Consumer Promotion | |Pepsi |59 | |Coke |41 | INTERPRETATION: In providing consumer promotion by way of giving the prizes to the consumers and other ways to promote the sales, Pepsi was able to attracted 59% of the retailers with its promotional schemes. In case of Coke it attracted the remaining 41% of the retailers by their consumer promotional schemes and activities. 8. Is T. V Adds help to increase the sale of Soft Drinks |S.No |Market |Yes |No | |1 |Srikakulam |74 |26 | |2 |Amadalavalasa |51 |49 | |3 |Narasannapeta |60 |40 | Amount of people saying T. V ads help increase in Sale, in Average | |T.V Add helps the increase in sales | |Yes |62 | |N0 |38 | INTERPRETATION: The above chart shows the opinions of the retailers that weather T. V ads will help to increase the sale of the soft drinks. In this 62% of the retailers expressed positively and the remaining 38% retailers expressed negatively to this question. 9. Comparison of 2007-2008 sales S. No |Market |Good |Less |Same | |1 |Srikakulam |55 |40 |5 | |2 |Amadalavalasa |30 |63 |7 | |3 |Narasannapeta |40 |48 |12 | Comparison of 2007-2008 sales in average Opinion |Good |Less |Same | |No of outlets in average |42 |50 |8 | INTERPRETATION: In the above chart the opinions of the retailers were given. From that 42% of the retailers expressed the view of good increase in the sale by2008 when compared to 2007. 50%of the retailers expressed the view of less increase in the sale and the remaining 8% of the retailers expressed the view of the same sales and there is no increase in the sales. 10. The Percentage Of Juice Based Soft Drinks In Total Sales |S.No |Market Area |30% |20% |10% | |1 |Srikakulam |30 |33 |37 | |2 |Amadalavalasa |29 |34 |37 | |3 |Narasannapeta |34 |32 |34 | Juice Based Soft Drinks In Average | |30% |20% |10% | |Result |31 |33 |36 | INTERPRETATION: By observing the above chart we can understand that the demand for the juice based soft drinks is increasing rapidly. For that the companies better to concentrate on the juice based soft drinks introducing and their sales. 11.Pepsi Visi coolers and other coolers available in the Market |S. No |Market |Pepsi cooler |Cock+ other coolers | |1 |Srikakulam |32 |68 | |2 |Amadalavalasa |21 |79 | |3 |Narasannapeta |31 |69 |Pepsi & Coke Visi Coolers Available in Average | |Pepsi Visi Coolers |Cock Visi cooler+ Own cooler | |Average of Outlets |28 |72 | INTERPRETATION: In the areas where I did my survey I found 28% of the retailers are using the Pepsi Visi Coolers and the remaining 72% of the retailers are using the Coke and Other coolers. From this we can suggest that Pepsi have to increase their Visi Coolers supply. 12. Why retailers keep other products in Pepsi Visi Coolers |S.No |Market Area |Electricity Bill |No Own Cooler | |1 |Srikakulam |35 |65 | |2 |Amadalavalasa |58 |42 | |3 |Narasannapeta |56 |44 | Why other products in Pepsi Visi Coolers in Average |S.No |Electricity Bill |No own cooler | |1 |49 |51 | INTERPRETATION: When I did the survey I observed that many of the retailers are keeping the other products in Pepsi Visi Coolers and they gave some sort of explanation for that. In those reasons 49% of the retailers said Electricity bill is the problem and the remaining 51% of the retailers said that they don’t have their own coolers. They should be restricted. 13.Most Soft Drinks Consuming Category In Various Markets |S. no |Market |Male |Female |All People |Youth | |1 |Srikakulam |18 |10 |59 |13 | |2 |Amadalavalasa |12 |11 |56 |21 | |3 |Narasannapeta |19 |18 |39 |24 | Most Soft Drinks Consuming Category In Average Opinion |Male |Female |All People |Youth | |Avg % of outlets |16 |13 |51 |20 | INTERPRETATION: In the above pie chart the consumption of soft drinks mostly by four categories. 51% of the total consumption is by All People, 20% by the Youth, 15% by the Male and the remaining 13% is consumed by the Female. We c an say that the consumption of soft drinks by the youth is increasing. 14. Soft Dinks Supply To The Retail Outlets [Cash Or Credit] |S.No |Market |Pepsi Cash |Pepsi Credit |Coke Cash |Coke Credit | |1 |Srikakulam |100 |0 |100 |0 | |2 |Amadalavalasa |100 |0 |100 |0 | |3 |Narasannapeta |100 |0 |100 |0 | INTERPRETATION: From the above pie cart we can understand that both the Pepsi and Coke companies are not providing any credit to the retailers. All the retailers are purchasing the soft drinks on cash only. 15. Consumption of Soft Drinks at Home and at Shop |S. No |Market |At Shop |At Home | |1 |Srikakulam 80 |20 | |2 |Amadalavalasa |70 |30 | |3 |Narasannapeta |75 |25 | Consumption of Soft Drinks at Home & at Shop In Avg. |S. No |At Shop |At Home | |1 |75 |25 | INTERPRETATION:From the above pie chart we can understand that in the areas I did the survey 75% of the Soft Drinks are consumed at the Shops and the remaining 25% of the Soft Drinks are consumed at Home. Chapter-4 SUMMARY, FIND INGS & SUGGESTIONS 4. 1 INTRODUCTION The chapter contains Findings, Suggestions and Conclusions. Basing on the results of the survey Suggestions are given to improve the potentials and the market share of the company in the soft drinks field. The total findings are prepared by the survey information collected in the various places in Srikakulam district. I did the comparative study between the top two brands in the field of soft drinks sector those are Pepsi and Coke.The information is base on the two brand comparison and in my view these are useful to the company to improve its performance and can get good sales as well as good market share in the field of Soft Drinks. These are all my sincere findings and suggestions to the company. FINDINGS 1) The company is maintaining the quality of the products and it has good quality control Dept. 2) Now a day because of changing the food habits the soft drinks are added to their food habits. 3) Pepsi soft drinks are occupying more than half of the soft drinks market. 4) The demand for the fruit based soft drinks is go on increasing and they occupied the top selling drinks position. ) Sales promotion activities taken by the Pepsi Company is good as per the retailer’s opinion when compared to coke. 6) The Pepsi Company’s supply of drinks is good but they are not providing the sufficient drinks to the outlets. 7) The No. of Visi coolers in the market is less when compared to the Coke Company. 8) Some of the retailers are placing the other products also in the company c

Using Repetition to Produce Parallel Structure

Using Repetition to Produce Parallel Structure Using Repetition to Produce Parallel Structure Using Repetition to Produce Parallel Structure By Mark Nichol Sentences that fail to observe a sound grammatical structure sometimes do so because a key word or phrase is not repeated (or balanced with a similar word or phrase) as part of an element equivalent to a previous element in the sentence. Each of the sentences below is missing a repeated word or phrase; the discussions that follow the examples explain what is lacking and the revisions demonstrate how to resolve the issues. 1. Measurements should align to business objectives and demonstrate a cause-and-effect relationship when possible. The writer assumes that the phrase beginning with demonstrate can share should with the one beginning with align, but the sentence can easily be misread as stating that measurements merely should align to business objectives but do in fact demonstrate a cause-and-effect relationship. To clarify that should applies to both phrases, the qualifier should be repeated: â€Å"Measurements should align to business objectives and should demonstrate a cause-and-effect relationship when possible.† 2. This action can affect companies that rely on suppliers in that country to make their products as well as the country’s consumers to buy those products. The phrase â€Å"make their products as well as† implies that a comparison is being made, rather than that â€Å"as well as† is serving as a conjunctive phrase. Also, the distance between the phrase beginning with suppliers and the one beginning with â€Å"the country’s consumers† obscures their parallel functions. To clarify the intent of the sentence, repeat the key verb phrase: â€Å"This action can affect companies that rely on suppliers in that country to make their products as well as rely on the country’s consumers to buy those products.† (Alternatively use a synonym for rely such as count instead of repeating it.) 3. These reforms have now led to significant adjustments to how short-term credit is provided and the demise of a number of firms operating in this space. The phrase â€Å"the demise of a number of firms operating in this space† seems abruptly tacked on to this sentence. To clarify that the phrase is parallel to â€Å"significant adjustments to how short-term credit is provided,† it could be preceded by to, but the reader might mistake it as equivalent to â€Å"how short-term credit is provided† because that phrase also follows an instance of to. Better yet, launch the last part of the sentence with a more thorough linking phrase: â€Å"These reforms have now led to significant adjustments to how short-term credit is provided and has resulted in the demise of a number of firms operating in this space.† Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Style category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:75 Synonyms for â€Å"Angry†What's a Male Mistress?The Difference Between "Un-" and "Dis-"

How to Ask for a Graduate School Letter of Recommendation

How to Ask for a Graduate School Letter of Recommendation Recommendation letters are a critical component of your graduate school application, yet are entirely dependent on other people―your professors. How you request a letter influences professors responses and ultimately the quality of your recommendation. How to Request a Recommendation Letter Dont request a recommendation letter by email.Dont spring it on the faculty member. Dont ask before or after class, in the hall, or at any other seemingly random time.Arrange an appointment, explaining that you wish to discuss your plans to apply to graduate school. This gives the professor a heads up and a chance to think about whether he or she can write a helpful letter on your behalf.Don’t ask, â€Å"could you write a letter?† Instead ask, â€Å"Do you feel that you are able to write a helpful letter supporting my application to graduate school? Ask whether the faculty member feels that he or she can write a helpful letter. You don’t need any old letter―you need a good letter.Prepare. Be prepared to discuss the type of degree you seek, programs to which you are applying, how you arrived at your choices, goals for graduate study, future aspirations, and why you believe the faculty member is a good candidate to write a letter of your behalf.Remember to tell the professor the application due date. This may influence his or her decision. What Your Professor Needs to Write Your Letter Time.  Give the faculty member enough time to write a good letter. Writing a letter of recommendation isnt easy. Ask at least a month before the due date. Earlier is better given that faculty need to adjust their schedule.Don’t make faculty rush as it will result in an average or even mediocre letter. When every recommendation letter an admissions committee receives is stellar, an  average letter will hurt your application.Understand that even if you give a professor a month to write your recommendation letter he or she might not submit it until just before the deadline. Its a sad reality: Profs procrastinate too.Give the professor what he or she needs to write an informed letter, including recommendation forms, transcript, essays, and other essential information. Dont forget to include relevant links and emails for online applications.If your prof requests hard copies, print out information for each program so that faculty member has the information they need to tailor th eir letter of recommendation to the program (very effective, if they choose that route). Be neat. Place all of your documentation in a folder and neatly label each item. Clip each recommendation form to supporting documentation, relevant admissions essays, and a stamped envelope. Use a sticky note to mark the deadline on each. Neatness counts because it makes professors’ jobs easier and sends the message that you are organized.If your prof requests electronic documents, place all files into one folder and organize them by using descriptive titles. Again, be neat. Seek Advice and Pay Attention Ask for input on your choices and overall advice. If the faculty member offers to review your admissions essay, take him or her up on it―and use their advice to improve your essay.Pay attention to signals that a faculty member does not want to write a letter on your behalf. Anything other than a glowing letter can harm your application. You dont want a lukewarm letter―it’s the kiss of death.Take no for an answer. If a faculty declines to write you a recommendation letter, dont push. He or she is actually doing you a favor.